Bones and Tissue Study Guide

Question 1

Contractility:

Answer 1

Ability to shorten

Question 2

Excitability:

Answer 2

Ability to respond well to stimuli

Question 3

Extensibility:

Answer 3

Ability to lengthen

Question 4

Elasticity:

Answer 4

Ability to return to normal form after being stretched

Question 5

Origin

Answer 5

part of the muscle that is attached to the fixed bone

Question 6

Belly

Answer 6

The central part of the muscle

Question 7

Insertion

Answer 7

The part of the muscle attached to the moveable bone

Question 8

Prime Mover

Answer 8

Muscle providing the movement in a single direction

Question 9

Synergist

Answer 9

Muscles that help stabilize joint

Question 10

Antagnoist

Answer 10

Muscle whose action opposes the action of other muscles

Question 11

Muscle Tone

Answer 11

To function musles should alwasy be slightly contracted and ready to pull

Question 12

Fatigue (sore)

Answer 12

caused by an accumalation of lactic acid in muscles

Question 13

Atrophy (twig)

Answer 13

wasting/loss of muscle tissue

Question 14

Hyper Atrophy (buff)

Answer 14

Increase in the mass of a muscle

Question 15

Strain:

Answer 15

Twisting or pulling of a muscle/tendon

Question 16

Sprain:

Answer 16

Twist of a ligament

Question 17

DOMS

Answer 17

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

Question 18

Tendonitis:

Answer 18

Inflammation of tendons

Question 19

Bursitis:

Answer 19

Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads (bursae) that act as cushions at the joints.

Question 20

Abrasion

Answer 20

Scraping of the skin

Question 21

Laceration

Answer 21

Cut/tear in the skin from non-cutting object

Question 22

Avulsion

Answer 22

Skin torn away from origin

Question 23

Puncture

Answer 23

Penetrating injury by a sharp object

Question 24

Contusion

Answer 24

Bruising, impact causing bleeding that doesn’t interrupt the skin

Question 25

Myositis Ossificans

Answer 25

a condition where bone tissue forms inside muscle or other soft tissue after an injury

Question 26

Explain the difference between axial and appendicular skeleton

Answer 26

Axial: Center Part (Skull, Spine, Ribs, Sternum)
Appendicular: Shoulder, arm, leg, and pelvis

Question 27

Define the functions of the skeletal system

Answer 27

Protect
Support
Assist with movement
Storage for blood cells and minerals

Question 28

Type of fracture:

Break is contained in the skin

Answer 28

Simple/Closed fx

Question 29

Type of fracture:

Incomplete breaks

Answer 29

Greenstick fx

Question 30

Type of fracture:

Bone ends comes through skin

Answer 30

Compound fx

Question 31

Type of fracture:

Break/shattering in peices

Answer 31

Cominuted fx

Question 32

Type of fracture:

Small incomplete break from overuse

Answer 32

Stress fx

Question 33

Type of fracture:

Break at growth plate

Answer 33

Epiphyseal fx

Question 34

Fracture

Answer 34

Break in the bone

Question 35

Explain + Define the difference between skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle

Answer 35

Skeletal:

• Attached to bones
• Aids in movement
• voluntary

Smooth:

• Found in organs
• involuntary

Cardiac

• makes up the heart
• involuntary

Question 36

Explain the physiology of a muscle strain

Answer 36

Muscle fibres tear due to extensive mechanical stress. This mostly occurs as a result of a powerful eccentric contraction or over-stretching of the muscle.

Question 37

List the different types of soft tissue injuries

Answer 37

• Abrasion
• Puncture
• Laceration
• Avulsion
• Contusion

Question 38

Explain how the body responds to injury

Answer 38

Inflammation: Body’s response to physical/chemical trauma

Cell Regeneration: Act of wound healing, tissues, and rebuilding

Cell Dedifferation: The process in which a cell changes from one cell type to another. Usually, the cell changes to a more specialized type.

Cell Transdifferentation: Lineage reprogramming, is an artificial process in which one mature somatic cell is transformed into another mature somatic cell without undergoing an intermediate pluripotent state or progenitor cell type.

Question 39

Explain the anatomy of a nerve cell

Answer 39

Neurons are composed of three main parts: dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. Signals are received through the dendrites, travel to the cell body, and continue down the axon until they reach the synapse (the communication point between two neurons).