Bones and Tissue Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Contractility:

A

Ability to shorten

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2
Q

Excitability:

A

Ability to respond well to stimuli

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3
Q

Extensibility:

A

Ability to lengthen

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4
Q

Elasticity:

A

Ability to return to normal form after being stretched

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5
Q

Origin

A

part of the muscle that is attached to the fixed bone

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6
Q

Belly

A

The central part of the muscle

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7
Q

Insertion

A

The part of the muscle attached to the moveable bone

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8
Q

Prime Mover

A

Muscle providing the movement in a single direction

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9
Q

Synergist

A

Muscles that help stabilize joint

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10
Q

Antagnoist

A

Muscle whose action opposes the action of other muscles

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11
Q

Muscle Tone

A

To function musles should alwasy be slightly contracted and ready to pull

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12
Q

Fatigue (sore)

A

caused by an accumalation of lactic acid in muscles

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13
Q

Atrophy (twig)

A

wasting/loss of muscle tissue

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14
Q

Hyper Atrophy (buff)

A

Increase in the mass of a muscle

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15
Q

Strain:

A

Twisting or pulling of a muscle/tendon

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16
Q

Sprain:

A

Twist of a ligament

17
Q

DOMS

A

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

18
Q

Tendonitis:

A

Inflammation of tendons

19
Q

Bursitis:

A

Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads (bursae) that act as cushions at the joints.

20
Q

Abrasion

A

Scraping of the skin

21
Q

Laceration

A

Cut/tear in the skin from non-cutting object

22
Q

Avulsion

A

Skin torn away from origin

23
Q

Puncture

A

Penetrating injury by a sharp object

24
Q

Contusion

A

Bruising, impact causing bleeding that doesn’t interrupt the skin

25
Myositis Ossificans
a condition where bone tissue forms inside muscle or other soft tissue after an injury
26
Explain the difference between axial and appendicular skeleton
Axial: Center Part (Skull, Spine, Ribs, Sternum) Appendicular: Shoulder, arm, leg, and pelvis
27
Define the functions of the skeletal system
Protect Support Assist with movement Storage for blood cells and minerals
28
Type of fracture: | Break is contained in the skin
Simple/Closed fx
29
Type of fracture: | Incomplete breaks
Greenstick fx
30
Type of fracture: | Bone ends comes through skin
Compound fx
31
Type of fracture: | Break/shattering in peices
Cominuted fx
32
Type of fracture: | Small incomplete break from overuse
Stress fx
33
Type of fracture: | Break at growth plate
Epiphyseal fx
34
Fracture
Break in the bone
35
Explain + Define the difference between skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle
Skeletal: - Attached to bones - Aids in movement - voluntary Smooth: - Found in organs - involuntary Cardiac - makes up the heart - involuntary
36
Explain the physiology of a muscle strain
Muscle fibres tear due to extensive mechanical stress. This mostly occurs as a result of a powerful eccentric contraction or over-stretching of the muscle.
37
List the different types of soft tissue injuries
- Abrasion - Puncture - Laceration - Avulsion - Contusion
38
Explain how the body responds to injury
Inflammation: Body's response to physical/chemical trauma Cell Regeneration: Act of wound healing, tissues, and rebuilding Cell Dedifferation: The process in which a cell changes from one cell type to another. Usually, the cell changes to a more specialized type. Cell Transdifferentation: Lineage reprogramming, is an artificial process in which one mature somatic cell is transformed into another mature somatic cell without undergoing an intermediate pluripotent state or progenitor cell type.
39
Explain the anatomy of a nerve cell
Neurons are composed of three main parts: dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. Signals are received through the dendrites, travel to the cell body, and continue down the axon until they reach the synapse (the communication point between two neurons).