Bones and Tissue Study Guide Flashcards
Contractility:
Ability to shorten
Excitability:
Ability to respond well to stimuli
Extensibility:
Ability to lengthen
Elasticity:
Ability to return to normal form after being stretched
Origin
part of the muscle that is attached to the fixed bone
Belly
The central part of the muscle
Insertion
The part of the muscle attached to the moveable bone
Prime Mover
Muscle providing the movement in a single direction
Synergist
Muscles that help stabilize joint
Antagnoist
Muscle whose action opposes the action of other muscles
Muscle Tone
To function musles should alwasy be slightly contracted and ready to pull
Fatigue (sore)
caused by an accumalation of lactic acid in muscles
Atrophy (twig)
wasting/loss of muscle tissue
Hyper Atrophy (buff)
Increase in the mass of a muscle
Strain:
Twisting or pulling of a muscle/tendon
Sprain:
Twist of a ligament
DOMS
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
Tendonitis:
Inflammation of tendons
Bursitis:
Inflammation of the fluid-filled pads (bursae) that act as cushions at the joints.
Abrasion
Scraping of the skin
Laceration
Cut/tear in the skin from non-cutting object
Avulsion
Skin torn away from origin
Puncture
Penetrating injury by a sharp object
Contusion
Bruising, impact causing bleeding that doesn’t interrupt the skin
Myositis Ossificans
a condition where bone tissue forms inside muscle or other soft tissue after an injury
Explain the difference between axial and appendicular skeleton
Axial: Center Part (Skull, Spine, Ribs, Sternum)
Appendicular: Shoulder, arm, leg, and pelvis
Define the functions of the skeletal system
Protect
Support
Assist with movement
Storage for blood cells and minerals
Type of fracture:
Break is contained in the skin
Simple/Closed fx
Type of fracture:
Incomplete breaks
Greenstick fx
Type of fracture:
Bone ends comes through skin
Compound fx
Type of fracture:
Break/shattering in peices
Cominuted fx
Type of fracture:
Small incomplete break from overuse
Stress fx
Type of fracture:
Break at growth plate
Epiphyseal fx
Fracture
Break in the bone
Explain + Define the difference between skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle
Skeletal:
- Attached to bones
- Aids in movement
- voluntary
Smooth:
- Found in organs
- involuntary
Cardiac
- makes up the heart
- involuntary
Explain the physiology of a muscle strain
Muscle fibres tear due to extensive mechanical stress. This mostly occurs as a result of a powerful eccentric contraction or over-stretching of the muscle.
List the different types of soft tissue injuries
- Abrasion
- Puncture
- Laceration
- Avulsion
- Contusion
Explain how the body responds to injury
Inflammation: Body’s response to physical/chemical trauma
Cell Regeneration: Act of wound healing, tissues, and rebuilding
Cell Dedifferation: The process in which a cell changes from one cell type to another. Usually, the cell changes to a more specialized type.
Cell Transdifferentation: Lineage reprogramming, is an artificial process in which one mature somatic cell is transformed into another mature somatic cell without undergoing an intermediate pluripotent state or progenitor cell type.
Explain the anatomy of a nerve cell
Neurons are composed of three main parts: dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. Signals are received through the dendrites, travel to the cell body, and continue down the axon until they reach the synapse (the communication point between two neurons).
