Bones and Tissue Flashcards
General features of osteoporosis
A multifactorial disease characterized by an absolute reduction of the total bone mass and is probably the most prevalent bone disease in our society. Loss of bone matrix causing pathological fractures.
Who is more likely to get osteoporosis
White, frail, small, petite and older women.
What is the definition of osteoporosis
Calcium and phosphate mineralizes osteoid as soon as its laid down making new bone. Pathological fractures occur. Bone resorption outpaces bone formation, resulting in a net bone loss
are there characteristic lab findings in osteoporosis?
NO
No Biochemical abnormalities, Calcium, Phosphate and alk phosphatase levels are all normal.
How do you diagnose osteoporosis?
Best diagnosed radiographically, however, routine X-ray studies detect signs of osteoporosis only after a 30-50% reduction of bone mass has occurred
Which bone is most likely to be involved to osteoporosis? Which is MC fractured
Wrist, Spine and Hip.
HIP
The most common soft tissue lesion seen in adults?
Lipoma
What is the most common soft tissue sarcoma seen in childhood?
Rhabdomyosarcoma
most common malignant bone tumor
Metastatic Tumor
Most Common PRIMARY malignant bone tumor:
Osteosarcoma
Difference between the most common and the most common primary?
Most common is derived from metastases of neoplasms from other organs and outnumbers the primary 10:1.
Primary originates in the bone.
Where is the most common location for an osteosarcoma vs chondrosarcoma?
Osteosarcoma: Knee Joint.
Chondrosarcoma: 2nd most common primary tumor. Vertebral Column. Most common primary bone tumor of adults.
Which are the two most common primary bone tumor in childhood that are malignant?
Osteosarcoma
Ewing’s Sarcoma
Define The involucrum:
the outer shell of new bone (wrapper), Reactive bone, in response to trying to keep the infection walled off in the bone the lifting up of the periosteum i
The sequestrum:
Specific to osteomyelitis. Neutrophils devitalize the bone breaking it into pieces. trapped necrotic bone
What are the most common bacterial organisms that cause osteomyelitis?
Staph Aureus.
Osteoarthritis –
Characteristics
- Osteophyte formation: Spurs of new bone
- Fibrillation: Floating articular cartilage
- Eburnation: Continued pressure will induce sclerosis of the subchondral plate, the bone appears dense like ivory.
- Bone cysts: Bone degeneration under stress leads to the formation of cysts, which are filled with synovial fluid, with a bone defect that communicates with the joint cavity
Gout characteristics
- > Tophi- Subcutaneous deposits of uric acid. Most common on the ears, the extensor sites of the arms, over the olecranon, and over the patella.
- > Podagra: Foot seizure.
Rheumatoid characteristics
- > Ankylosis: Collagen scars that immobilize the joint.
- >Pannus: Granulation tissue
What is Koilocytosis and what virus is associated with it?
Hallmark of HPV seen on PAP smear, Virus infects squamous epithelial cell and produces Cytoplasmic vaculoues
