Bones and Tissue

Question 1

General features of osteoporosis

Answer 1

A multifactorial disease characterized by an absolute reduction of the total bone mass and is probably the most prevalent bone disease in our society. Loss of bone matrix causing pathological fractures.

Question 2

Who is more likely to get osteoporosis

Answer 2

White, frail, small, petite and older women.

Question 3

What is the definition of osteoporosis

Answer 3

Calcium and phosphate mineralizes osteoid as soon as its laid down making new bone. Pathological fractures occur. Bone resorption outpaces bone formation, resulting in a net bone loss

Question 4

are there characteristic lab findings in osteoporosis?

Answer 4

NO

No Biochemical abnormalities, Calcium, Phosphate and alk phosphatase levels are all normal.

Question 5

How do you diagnose osteoporosis?

Answer 5

Best diagnosed radiographically, however, routine X-ray studies detect signs of osteoporosis only after a 30-50% reduction of bone mass has occurred

Question 6

Which bone is most likely to be involved to osteoporosis? Which is MC fractured

Answer 6

Wrist, Spine and Hip.

HIP

Question 7

The most common soft tissue lesion seen in adults?

Answer 7

Lipoma

Question 8

What is the most common soft tissue sarcoma seen in childhood?

Answer 8

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 9

most common malignant bone tumor

Answer 9

Metastatic Tumor

Question 10

Most Common PRIMARY malignant bone tumor:

Answer 10

Osteosarcoma

Question 11

Difference between the most common and the most common primary?

Answer 11

Most common is derived from metastases of neoplasms from other organs and outnumbers the primary 10:1.
Primary originates in the bone.

Question 12

Where is the most common location for an osteosarcoma vs chondrosarcoma?

Answer 12

Osteosarcoma: Knee Joint.
Chondrosarcoma: 2nd most common primary tumor. Vertebral Column. Most common primary bone tumor of adults.

Question 13

Which are the two most common primary bone tumor in childhood that are malignant?

Answer 13

Osteosarcoma

Ewing’s Sarcoma

Question 14

Define The involucrum:

Answer 14

the outer shell of new bone (wrapper), Reactive bone, in response to trying to keep the infection walled off in the bone the lifting up of the periosteum i

Question 15

The sequestrum:

Answer 15

Specific to osteomyelitis. Neutrophils devitalize the bone breaking it into pieces. trapped necrotic bone

Question 16

What are the most common bacterial organisms that cause osteomyelitis?

Answer 16

Staph Aureus.

Question 17

Osteoarthritis –

Characteristics

Answer 17

• Osteophyte formation: Spurs of new bone
• Fibrillation: Floating articular cartilage
• Eburnation: Continued pressure will induce sclerosis of the subchondral plate, the bone appears dense like ivory.
• Bone cysts: Bone degeneration under stress leads to the formation of cysts, which are filled with synovial fluid, with a bone defect that communicates with the joint cavity

Question 18

Gout characteristics

Answer 18

• > Tophi- Subcutaneous deposits of uric acid. Most common on the ears, the extensor sites of the arms, over the olecranon, and over the patella.
• > Podagra: Foot seizure.

Question 19

Rheumatoid characteristics

Answer 19

• > Ankylosis: Collagen scars that immobilize the joint.

- >Pannus: Granulation tissue

Question 20

What is Koilocytosis and what virus is associated with it?

Answer 20

Hallmark of HPV seen on PAP smear, Virus infects squamous epithelial cell and produces Cytoplasmic vaculoues