Bones and Joints

Question 1

The bone is

Answer 1

Dynamic living tissue that continuously is in the process of dynamic remodeling

Question 2

Human skeleton consists of __ naked bones in 2 groups
___
___

Answer 2

206

Axial skeleton (80)

Skull bones, ribs, sternum

Appendicular (126)

Bones of upper/lower limbs and girdled that connect the limbs to axial

Question 3

Long bone

Answer 3

Greater length than width

Functions as levers

Question 4

Short bone

Answer 4

Cube shaped
For force dispersion
Found in confined spaces

Question 5

Flat bone

Answer 5

Sternum
Thin layers of parallel plates
Good for protection
Broad dense surface 
Large area for muscle attachment

Question 6

Irregular bone

Answer 6

Complex shapes
Many surface marking

Ex vertebrae certain bones of skull

Question 7

Sesamoid

Answer 7

Shape like a sesame seed
Knee cap
Small indépendant bone
Often embedded into a tendon at the point it crosses a joint

Question 8

Depression and openings

Answer 8

Allow passage of soft tissues

Form joints

Question 9

Processes

Answer 9

Projections or outgrowths that form joints

Attachement points for ligament and tendons

Question 10

Tubercle

Answer 10

Variably sizes rounded projection

Articulate tubercle

Question 11

Tuberosity

Answer 11

Variably sizes projection with rough bumpy surface

Sacral
Tuberosity

Question 12

Fissure

Answer 12

Narrow slit between bones for passage of blood vessels or nerves

Question 13

Foramen

Answer 13

Hole for passage of blood vessels, nerves or ligaments

Ex
Intervertebral foramen

Question 14

Fossa

Answer 14

Shallow depression

Articulate with another bone to form a joint

Question 15

Sulcus

Answer 15

Furrow on a bone for passage of blood vessel nerve or tendon

Question 16

Meatus

Answer 16

Tube like opening

Ex
Ear canal

Question 17

Condyle

Answer 17

Rounded projection with a smooth articulate surface

Ex femoral condyle

Question 18

Epicondyle

Answer 18

Usually roughened projection on a condyle

Question 19

Line (Lyna)

Answer 19

Long narrow ridge or border

Question 20

Facet

Answer 20

Smooth flat, slightly concave articulate surface

Question 21

Head

Answer 21

Usually rounded articulate process supported by a neck

Question 22

Crest

Answer 22

Prominent ridge or elongated process

Question 23

Spinous process

Answer 23

Sharp slender projection

Question 24

Trochanter

Answer 24

Very large projection found ONLY on the femur

Question 25

Articulation | Arthrosis

Answer 25

Point of contact between two bones, bone cartilage Hold bones together permitting movement Flexible connective tissue form joints Joint

Question 26

How joints are classified

Answer 26

Structurally Is there a joint cavity What connective tissue Functionally What degree of movement is permitted

Question 27

Synovial joints

Answer 27

There’s a joint cavity Articulate cartilage at the ends of long bones Hip knee shoulder

Question 28

Cartilaginous

Answer 28

No joint cavity Cartilage connective tissue Synchondrosis- hyaline cartilage no movement Symphysis- fibrocartilage some movement

Question 29

Fibrous

Answer 29

Sutures - dense fibrosis CT Syndesmoses- more dense fibrous CT than sutures

Question 30

Sybchondrosis

Answer 30

Hyaline cartilage is the connecting | Synarthroses

Question 31

Symphysis

Answer 31

Bones are connected by a broad flat disk Anarthroses

Question 32

Fibrous joints | Sutures

Answer 32

Thin layer of fibrous connective tissue that Unite bones of the skull together

Question 33

Synedesmoses Fibrous joints

Answer 33

A greater distance between bones than in a suture so there is more connective tissue

Question 34

Fibrous joints | Gomophoses

Answer 34

A joint in which a cone shaped peg fits into a socket

Question 35

Synovial joints

Answer 35

Cavity between the articulating blend that is filled with fluids Fluid is lubrication Joints are freely movable Joint surrounded by sleeve to help enclose bones together

Question 36

Planar joints

Answer 36

Synovial Flat surfaces opposing one another Slide or slide rotation

Question 37

Hinge joints

Answer 37

Synovial Convex surface of one bone fits into concave if another Angular opening in motion

Question 38

Pivot joints

Answer 38

Synovial Rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulated with a ring formed part of another bone Rotation along its longitudinal axis

Question 39

Condyloid joint

Answer 39

Synovial Movement in z axis Knuckle digging into shallow Biplanes motion

Question 40

SAddle joints

Answer 40

Synovial joint Saddle shaped bone fits into a saddle as a ride le would sit Bipolar motion with limited spinning

Question 41

Ball and socket joint

Answer 41

3 axis of movement

Question 42

Soft tissue

Answer 42

Bursae - synovial fluid filled sacked Cushioned movement Bursitis - inflammation of a bursae

Question 43

Pads of fibrocartilage are sometimes found between the articulate surfaces of synovial joints

Answer 43

Increase movement and force dispersion