Bones and Joints

Question 1

what are the 4 types of bones

Answer 1

• Long
• Flat
• Irregular
• Short

Question 2

what is the function of bones

Answer 2

> Bones provide a framework that support the body and protect its organs
Skeletal muscles attach to bones via tendons and use bones as leavers to
provide movement of the body.
Bone is a reservoir and storage unit for minerals, most importantly calcium and phosphate
Most blood cell formation or hematopoiesis occurs in the marrow cavities of certain bones

Question 3

structure of a typical long bone

Answer 3

• Diaphysis
  >Shaft
  >Compact bone with cancellous bone
• Epiphysis
  >Cancellous bone
  >Epiphyseal plate = composed of hyaline
  cartilage present until growth stops
• Membranes
  >Periosteum = surrounds diaphysis
  >Endosteum = lines medullary cavity
• Medullary cavity
  >Central, hollow cavity, filled with yellow
  marrow

Question 4

what is a fibrous joint

Answer 4

• Bones are attached by
  fibrous connective tissue
• There is little or no movement
• There are three types:
  >Suture (skull)
  >Syndesmosis (inf
  tib/fib)
  >Gomphosis (tooth)

Question 5

what is a cartilaginous joint

Answer 5

Bones are attached by
cartilage connective
tissue
* There is little or no
movement
* There are two types:
>Synchondrosis, the connecting material between the bones is hyaline cartilage (e.g 1st
sternocostal joint)
>Symphysis, the connecting material between the bones is fibrocartilage (e.g intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis)

Question 6

what are synovial joints

Answer 6

> The most common classification of joint
Made to be moveable
Articular capsule with synovial membrane
Features articular cartilage

Question 7

what does the stability of joints depend on

Answer 7

*Ligaments around (or within) the joint
* Muscle tone
* Shape and size of the articular surfaces
* Capsule and bursae
* Hiltons Law

Question 8

what is hyaline cartilage

Answer 8

• A type of connective tissue
• Lines the articular surfaces of bones
• Structure – made by chondroblasts which mature into chondrocytes
• Type of ground substance called…
  Proteoglycans
  >Attracts water
• Contains a high amount of collagen and elastin