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Pilates > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What are bones made of?

A 
Cells made of 
Calcium
Phosphate
Calcium carbonate 
Gelatine
Collagen 
Fats
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2
Q

4 types of bones

A

Marrow cavities
cancellous bone
Periosteum
cortical or compact bone - shaft

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3
Q

Name the two types of bone marrow

A

Yellow- mainly fat - energy

Red - red & white blood cells and platelets

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4
Q

What is the Bulbous end bone consist of

A

Latticework of thin plates of bone called trabecular

Filled with red bone marrow

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5
Q

What is the Periosteum?

A

A fibrous sheet surrounding each bone

The action of the periosteum results in bone formation and bone repair after a break

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6
Q

What is the shaft?

A

A strong compact bone.

Forms an outer layer beneath the periosteum

Expanded end allows weight to be shifter from the bone to the joint

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7
Q

What is ossification?

A

Process of how new bone is formed

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8
Q

What is vital to strong bone growth?

A

Calcium

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9
Q

3 types of bone cell

A

Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

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10
Q

What are osteoblasts cells?

A

Immature bone cells

Bone forming cells

Makes a matrix material called osteoid, mineralising to become bone

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11
Q

What are osteocyte bone cells

A

Mature bone cells from osteoblasts

Daily exchange of nutrient and waste

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12
Q

What are osteoclast bone cells?

A

Large cells - growth and repair

Break down bone tissue

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13
Q

What is the head and foot of a long bone called and what are they attached too?

A

Head: proximal
Foot: Distal

Form part of the joint it’s attached too

Protrusions at each end are tuberosities - ligaments and tendons are attached to these

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14
Q

Name two types of short bones - round shaped as a clue!

A

Carpals - hands and Tarsals - feet

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15
Q

Name 4 types of flat bones

A

Cranium
Scapula
Pelvis
Sternum

Protect soft organs

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16
Q

Name 2 types of irregular bones

Bones that aren’t flat, long or short so therefore irregular

A

Vertebrae
Bones in ear and face

Hold a lot of marrow

17
Q

Name the two small bones that are not classified by shape but location

A

Sutural - cranial

Sesamoid - in tendons where pressure develops eg knee cap - patella

18
Q

Name 4 exercises that stress bones to a moderate - high degree?

2 examples to a lower degree?

A

Weight training
Running
Cycling
Rowing

Walking and swimming

19
Q

4 long term benefits of weight bearing exercise

A 
Bone density
Ligament strength
Joint strength
Thickness of articular cartliage
Osteoporosis
20
Q

Name the five main groups of vertebral bones

A 
Cervical - 7
Thorasic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - -5 - tog form Sacrum 
Coccygeal - 4 fused tog called coccyx
21
Q

Main 3 functions of the spinal column

A

Support
Movement
Protection

22
Q

Why is the spinal column curved?

A

Flexibility of movement

Resilience

23
Q

Cervical vertebrae offers 4 types of movement

A

Flexion
Extension
Lateral flexion
Rotation

Flexion - decreasing angle

24
Q

Thoracic vertebrae offers 2 movement

A

Rotation
Limited flexion
Limited extension
Limited lateral flexion

25
Q

Lumbar vertebrae 4 movements

A

Flexion
Extension
Lateral flexion
V limited rotation

26
Q

Functions of the vertebrae

A

Weight bearing
Spinal cord support passing through neural canal
Projections

27
Q

Which muscles attached the cervical vertebrae offer stability and flexibility

A

Neck muscles

28
Q

Atlas is the top of the cervical vertebrae joined to the axis the next vertebrae. As these form what does it allow the head to do

A

Turning and nodding

29
Q

What it is the sacrum

A

Joins the pelvis
Forms the sacroiliac joint
Function: support the organs
Strong foundation for girdle

30
Q

What is the coccyx

A

Triangle shaped
Fusion of 4 coccygeal vertebrae
Articulated with the sacrum

Pilates (2 decks)

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