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a&p test 2 > Bones (7) > Flashcards

Bones (7) Flashcards

1
Q

The skeletal system consists of the

A

bones and cartilages

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2
Q

About ?% of the body weight is contributed by the bones.

A

18

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3
Q

The adult skeleton consists of ? bones.

A

206

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4
Q

the fetal skeleton has more than ? bones

A

270

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5
Q

hematopoiesis

A

Formation of blood cells

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6
Q

Cartilage water content

A

80%

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7
Q

Cartilage is

A

flexible connective tissue that protects your joints and bones
No nerve supply and blood supply

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8
Q

Types of cartilage

A

Hyaline elastic and fibro cartilage

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9
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Most abundant
Slightly flexible
extracellular material composed of chondroitin sulfate and protein fibers.

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10
Q

Mature cartilage cells in lacunae

A

Chondrocytes

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11
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Around ear,

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12
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Slightly movable joints
Lots of collagen fibers

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13
Q

Appositional growth

A

the chondroblasts located deep to the perichondrium secrete new ECM on the superficial surface of the cartilage, therefore, the new cartilage forms from outside in.

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14
Q

Interstitial Growth

A

Inside out

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15
Q

Compact/ivory

A

Strong, 80% in body

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16
Q

Spongy/cancellate /trabecular

A

Skull,vertebrae

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17
Q

Small bones

A

pisiform in the wrist, stapes in the ear.

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18
Q

Long bones

A

Femur tibia fibula foot finger toes

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19
Q

Large bones

A

Coxal(pelvis) most common

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20
Q

Flat bones

A

Sternum ribs

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21
Q

Short bones

A

Carpals tarsals

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22
Q

Irregular bone s

A

Vertebrae

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23
Q

Wormian/sutural

A

Back of skull, ossification centers

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24
Q

Sesamoid bone

A

Kneecap

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25
Q

Diaphysis

A

Middle part of long bone, made up of compact bone

26
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Yellow bone marrow, where heemopoises takes place

27
Q

Epiphysis

A

End of each long bone, compact bone (outside) spongy bone (inside)

28
Q

Periosteum

A

Diaphysis of bones covering
insertion points of tendons and ligaments
Osteoblasts (bone forming)
and osteoclasts (dissolve old bone)

29
Q

Endosteum

A

Inner surface

30
Q

Bone cells

A

Osteoblasts,osteocytes,osteoclasts

31
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Deposit new bone
Originate from osteoprogenitors

Secrete bone matrix-osteoid

32
Q

Deposition of calcium

A

Calcification

33
Q

Formation of bone

A

Ossification

34
Q

Osteocytes

A

Originally the osteoblasts but trapped in bone matrix

35
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Large and have a ruffled border secret axis dissolve the bone matrix during bone resorption
Old bone to new bone

36
Q

compact bone

A

found in the walls of the diaphyses of long bones and forms the outer layer of all the bones.
dense and strong
composed of osteons

37
Q

osteons

A

made of osteocytes, form the haversian system

38
Q

spongy bone/ cancellated bone

A

no osteons/haversian system
made up of trabeculae

39
Q

fetal development

A

the skeleton is made up of only hyaline cartilage, and formation of bone begins at about 6 weeks of pregnancy.

40
Q

bone formation/ossification/osteogenesis types

A

intramembranous and endochondral

41
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

formation of skull bones

42
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

every bone except skull bones formation

43
Q

long bones grow longer at

A

epiphyseal plates

44
Q

Bone Growth in Width

A

The bones grow in width or diameter during the adult life.

45
Q

bone remodeling

A

osteoclasts remodel old bone into new bone,

46
Q

bone resorption

A

osteoclasts secrete acid, which dissolves the bone matrix during bone resorption, known as clastogenesis or osteoclastic activity

47
Q

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A

maintains the blood calcium
removes the calcium from the bone leading to an increase in blood calcium levels, hypercalcemia.

48
Q

Calcitonin

A

maintains the blood calcium
secreted by the thyroid, and it lowers the blood calcium levels, hypocalcemia, by promoting incorporation of calcium into bone

49
Q

Growth Hormone/somatotropin

A

-secreted by pituitary gland
-causes bones to brow

50
Q

Thyroid Hormones

A

-bone development
-low of thyroid may cause dwarfism

51
Q

estrogen

A

maintains bone density
lack causes bone to become porous

51
Q

vitamin d3

A

absorption of calcium in the intestine
lack causes long bone curved

52
Q

osteoporosis

A

bones are porous/weak

53
Q

osteomalacia

A

bones are soft

54
Q

osteopenia

A

decrease in bone density

55
Q

Colle’s fracture

A

distal forearm

56
Q

Pott’s fracture

A

ankle

57
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

bone does not break into pieces

58
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

bone breaks into more than 2 pieces

59
Q

compression fracture

A

severe pain/loss of function

a&p test 2 (4 decks)

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