axial appendicular skeleton (8)

Question 1

skeletal is divided into two sections

Answer 1

axial and appendicular

Question 2

axial skeleton

Answer 2

-80 bones
-arranged along the longitudinal axis of the body.
These bones support and protect the organs of the head, neck, chest, and pelvis and provide attachment sites for the muscles that move the head, neck, and trunk.

Question 3

appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

-consists of the 126 bones
make up the upper and lower extremities (limbs or appendages), shoulder (pectoral) and hip (coxal or pelvic) bones (girdles), and attach the limbs to the trunk.

Question 4

skull

Answer 4

The 22 bones that make up the skull, can be subdivided by both location and function.

Question 5

bones of the cranium

Answer 5

1 frontal bone
2 parietal bones
2 temporal bones
1 occipital bone,
1 sphenoid bone,
1ethmoid bone.
The cranium houses brain and special sensory organs.

Question 6

foramina(apertures)

Answer 6

located through the spinal cords exits the skull

Question 7

The other foramina in the skull

Answer 7

allow the blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels to pass through.

Question 8

largest formina

Answer 8

foramen magnum

Question 9

depressions**

Answer 9

break in a cranial bone

Question 10

facial bones

Answer 10

14, attachment sites for the muscles of chewing and facial expression
2 maxillae (singular is maxilla),
2 zygomatic bones,
2lacrimal bones,
2 nasal bones,
2 inferior nasal conchae,
2 palatine bones,
1 mandible, and
1 vomer.

Question 11

skull sinuses

Answer 11

small air-filled cavities lined with mucus membrane
frontal sinuses, ethmoidal sinuses, sphenoidal sinuses, and maxillary sinuses.

Question 12

The______ s are completely fused into a single bone with is no visible suture.

Answer 12

frontal bones

Question 13

sutures

Answer 13

**

Question 14

the fetal skull shows spaces between the skull bone

Answer 14

fontanelles.

Question 15

vertebral column

Answer 15

provides strength, support and balance to the body

Question 16

vertebral column curvatures

Answer 16

2 primary curvatures - concave
thoracic
sacral
2 secondary - convex
cervical
lumbar

Question 17

kyphosis

Answer 17

hunchback, spine is outward

Question 18

Intervertebral discs

Answer 18

holds successive vertebrae together, resists tension, and allows various movements of the spine
thick in lumbar and cervical regions, make up 25% of the length of the spine.

inner semifluid nucleosus pulposus
outer annulus fibrosus

Question 19

inner semifluid nucleosus pulposus,

Answer 19

allows elasticity and compressibility to the spine,

Question 20

outer annulus fibrosus

Answer 20

a strong collar made of collagen and fibrocartilage

Question 21

vertebral column

Answer 21

vertical series of bones stacked on top of each other
protects both the spinal cord and serves as an attachment site for the back muscle

7 cervical vertebrae,
12 thoracic vertebrae,
5lumbar vertebrae,
the sacrum,
and the coccyx.

Question 22

first two cervical vertebrae’s

Answer 22

atlas and axis
dont have the same structures as other vertebraes

Question 23

atlas (C1)

Answer 23

large superior facets
articulates with another bone. In this case, the skull “sits” on them, and allows a ‘yes’ joint.

Question 24

axis (c2)

Answer 24

dens (odontoid process)
serves as the pivot point for turning the skull, and allows rotation or a ‘no’ joint.

Question 25

sacrum

Answer 25

five separate vertebrae in the fetus that fuse into a single plate-like bone in the adult
articulates with the coxal bones to form the pelvis.

Question 26

coccyx

Answer 26

mostly consists of three to four small, not fully formed vertebrae that fuse into a single bone. It is commonly called the tailbone.

Question 27

hyoid bone

Answer 27

does not articulate with any other bones of the skeleton.
serves as the attachment site for muscles of the tongue and throat.

Question 28

rib cage

Answer 28

thoracic vertebrae,
the ribs,
the sternum,
the costal cartilages.
Of the 12 pairs of ribs, 1-7 are true ribs, 8-10 are false ribs, and 11-12 are floating ribs

Question 29

bones of rib cage

Answer 29

form a flexible, protective cage around the organs of the thoracic cavity

Question 30

appendicular skeleton

Answer 30

126 bones
bones provide important joints and muscle attachments that allow the wide variety of arm and leg movements.

the pectoral (shoulder) girdles, upper (limbs) extremities, pelvic (hi) girdles,
lower (limbs) extremities.

Question 31

pectoral girdle

Answer 31

connect the upper extremity to the axial skeleton
two girdles, consist of - collar bone clavicle (anterior) and shoulder -scapula (posterior)

Question 32

humerus

Answer 32

upper arm

Question 33

radius and ulna

Answer 33

forearm bones

Question 34

carpals

Answer 34

8 wrist bones
hamate, capitate, trapezoid, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform and trapezium

Question 35

metacarpals

Answer 35

5 hand bones

Question 36

phalanges

Answer 36

14 fingers

Question 37

pelvic girdle

Answer 37

left and right coxal bones,
also called ossa coxae or hip bones.

Question 38

hip bones

Answer 38

formed from the fusion of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

ilium is the largest

Question 39

The paired hip bones articulate with the sacrum and coccyx to form the ___.

Answer 39

pelvis

Question 40

lower extremity (leg)

Answer 40

femur - thigh bone
tibia and fibula - lower leg bones (tibia is weight bearing; fibula is non-weight bearing)
tarsals - ankle bones
metatarsals - foot bones
phalanges - toes or digits
patella - kneecap

Question 41

femur

Answer 41

provides attachment site for several skeletal muscles important in maintaining posture and locomotion.

Question 42

tibia
fibula

Answer 42

stout bone forming the lower part of the leg
feebly developed bone

Question 43

tarsals, Metatarsals, and Phalanges

Answer 43

seven tarsals forming the ankle and part of the foot

Calcaneus is the largest of all the tarsals, and projects posteriorly as ‘heel bone’