Bones

Question 1

Foramen

(pl. foramina)

Answer 1

Question 2

Fossa (Fossae)

Answer 2

• A shallow depression (the word suggests “ditch” or “trench”). Such depressions in the surface of bones often receive another articulating bone with which a joint is formed.
• (Shallow) depression
• The mandibular fossa of the temporal bone, forming part of the skull behind the ear/s.

Question 3

Head

Answer 3

1. Process - forms joints
2. A rounded projecLon that forms part of a joint (in combinaLon with a figng part of an adjacent bone) and is separated from the shaa of the same bone by a narrow porLon (usually called a “neck”).
3. Head of the femur at the top of the femur (bone), upper-leg.

Question 4

line

Answer 4

1. Similar to a crest but not raised as much - may be relatively faint
2. Superior temporal: line and inferior temporal line on the skull.

Question 5

Margin

Answer 5

1. Edge of a flat bone or flat portion of the edge of a flat area
2. The supraorbital margin on the external surface of the frontal bone forms the upper boundary of the base of the orbit

Question 6

Meatus (pl. meati

Answer 6

1. Channel through bone
2. A tube-like opening or channel extending within a bone.
3. External auditory meatus of the temporal bone.

Question 7

Neck

Answer 7

1. A section of bone (esp. of long bones) between the “head” and the “shaft” of the bone (narrowed portion).
2. Neck of the femur below the top “head” of the femur (bone), upper-leg.

Question 8

notch

Answer 8

1. Articulatory surface
2. A V-like depression in the margin or edge of a flat area
3. The radial notch of the ulna is a narrow, triangular, articular depression on the lateral side of the coronoid process; it articulates with the head of the radius (outer bone of the lower forearm).

Question 9

process

Answer 9

1. Process - attach connec8ve tissues
2. A raised area or projec8on
3. The vertebrae have transverse process(es) and spinous process(es) which are, in general, more pronounced the lower the posi8on of the vertebrae down the spine.

Question 10

ramus (pl. rami)

Answer 10

1. curved surface
2. Curved portion of a bone, like a ram’s horn.
3. The inferior pubic ramus and the superior pubic ramus are features of the lower part of the pelvis bone.

Question 11

Sinus

Answer 11

1. Cavity within a bone
2. Cavity
3. The sphenoidal sinuses are the semi-open areas enclosed by the sphenoid bone that act as drains from the nasal cavity

Question 12

spine or Spinous process

Answer 12

1. Process - attach connective tissues
2. Similar to a crest but raised higher; a sharp, pointed, slender projection. ( often sites for muscle a=achment.)
3. The spinous processes of vertebrae, which together form the “spine” (backbone).

Question 13

Sulcus (pl. sulci)

Answer 13

1. Channel-like depression
2. Groove, crevice or furrow. Such elongated depressions may accommodate a blood vessel, nerve or tendon.
3. Sigmoid sulcus on the inner surface of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone(s) - which form part of the skull (behind the ears)

Question 14

trochanter

Answer 14

1. process - attach connective tissues
2. Large blunt bump-like projection (larger than a tuberosity, which is in turn larger than a tubercle)
3. Only one human example:the greater trochanter at the top of the femur (bone), upper-leg.

Question 15

Tuberosity

Answer 15

1. Process - attach connective tissues
2. Large rounded or oblong projecLon that may look like a raised bump. Such rounded/oblong projections called tuberosites are often sites for muscle a=achment.
3. The deltoid tuberosity of the humerus (bone), upper-arm.

Question 16

Tubercle

Answer 16

1. Process - attach connective tissues; can also form articular surfaces
2. Small tuberosity that may also be described as a round nodule or warty outgrowth.
3. The non-articular part of each rib tubercle attaches to the ligament of the tubercle.

Question 17

Angle

Answer 17

1. A corner
2. Feature of shape of bone
3. Inferior angle and superior angle of the scapula.

Question 18

Condyle

Answer 18

1. Rounded bump or large rounded prominence, usually fit into a fossa on another bone to form a joint.
2. Process - forms joints
3. The medial condyle of the femur (bone), upper- leg.

Question 19

Crest

Answer 19

1. Moderately raised and therefore prominent border or ridge. Such crests are often sites for a muscle attachment.
2. Process - attach connective tissues
3. The iliac crest of the ilium (bone), which is part of the hip.

Question 20

Facet

Answer 20

1. A smooth flat articular surface.
2. Process - forms joints
3. The superior articular facets of cervical vertebrae.

Question 21

Fissure

Answer 21

1. Long, crack-line hole for blood vessels and nerves
2. Channel-like clea or crack
3. Bicepital fissure is a grove that host the biceps muscle long head on the humerus

Question 22

Compact one S&F

Answer 22

Question 23

spongey bone

Answer 23

Question 24

types of bones

Answer 24

Question 25

Long Bones

Answer 25

1. longer than they are wide.
2. They consist of a long shaa with two bulky extremiLes.
3. They are primarily compact bone but may have a large amount of spongy bone at the ends or extremities.
4. Ex. thigh, leg, arm, and forearm

Question 26

Short Bones

Answer 26

1. roughly cube shaped with vertical and horizontal dimensions approximately equal.
2. They consist primarily of spongy bone, which is covered by a thin layer of compact bone.
3. Ex. bones of the wrist and ankle.

Question 27

Flat Bones

Answer 27

1. thin, flattened, and usually curved.
2. Most of the bones of the cranium are flat bones.

Question 28

Irregular Bones

Answer 28

1. not in any of the above three categories are classified as irregular bones.
2. They are primarily spongy bone that is covered with a thin layer of compact bone.
3. The vertebrae and some of the bones in the skull are irregular bones.

Question 29

Sesamoid bones

Answer 29

1. develop in some tendons in locations where there is considerable friction, tension, and physical stress.
2. Found in the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.
3. Most sesamoid bones are un-named.

Question 30

Diaphysis:

Answer 30

growing between”; shaft – long cylindrical main porLon of the bone

Question 31

Epiphyses:

Answer 31

growing over”; ends of the bone;

distal or proximal

Question 32

Metaphyses:

Answer 32

joins diaphysis and epiphyses;

• epiphyseal plate (<20yo; carLlage) → epiphyseal line (>20yo; bone)

Question 33

Articular cartilage:

Answer 33

– hyaline cartilage covering the part of epiphysis where the bone forms a joint; reduces fricLon

Question 34

Medullary cavity:

Answer 34

Medullary cavity:
– marrow cavity within the diaphysis;

contains bone marrow

Question 35

Endosteum:

Answer 35

Endosteum:

– membrane that lines the medullary cavity; single layer of bone forming cells and connective Lssue

Question 36

Periosteum:

Answer 36

Periosteum:

– tough sheath of dense irregular connective Lssue that surrounds the bone surface;

Question 37

long bone structure summary

Answer 37

Question 38

Axial Skeleton

Answer 38

Question 39

Vertebral Column

Answer 39

Question 40

thorax summary

Answer 40

Question 41

Answer 41

Question 42

Answer 42

Question 43

Answer 43