Bones

Question 1

Lacunae

Answer 1

Spaces in Lamallae that contain osteocytes

Question 2

Osteocyte

Answer 2

Mature bone cell that occupies lacunae

Question 3

Canaliculi

Answer 3

Canals in which osteocytes projections branch out into

Question 4

Function of skeleton

Answer 4

Framework that supports body
System of muscle driven levers that allow movement
Protects delicate organisms
Storage for calcium and other minerals
Site of white+red blood cell production
Fat storage
Hormone production

Question 5

Axial skeleton

Answer 5

Forms long axis of body and includes bones of skull vertebral column and rib cage

These bones protect and support or carry other body parts

Question 6

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 6

Consists of bones of the upper and lower limbs (shoulder and hip bones) that attach to the limbs of axial skeleton

Question 7

Long bones

Answer 7

Considerably Longer then they are wide

Has a shaft and two ends which are often expanded.

Elongated shape

Question 8

Short bones

Answer 8

Cube shaped eg bones of wrist or ankle

Question 9

Flat bones

Answer 9

Eh sternum scapulae ribs and most skull bones

Question 10

Cartilage

Answer 10

Connective tissue
Tough and flexible
Lacks nerves and is a avascular
80% water
Receives nutrients by diffusion from blood vessels in connective tissue membrane surrounding it
Contains numerous fibres of protein called collagen
Which are embedded in firm matrix called chondrin
Spaces in chondrin contain chondroblasts(cartilage cells)

Chondroblasts produce new matrix

Question 11

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 11

Gristle
Most abundant
Large amount of collagen fibres but they are not apparent and are glassy
Provides support and pliability l
Covers ends of long bones as articulate cartilage which provides springy pass that absorb compression at joints

Supports tip of nose and connects ribs at sternum and supports respiratory system passages

Question 12

Elastic cartilage

Answer 12

Nearly identical to hyaline except more elastic fibres

Found where strength and exceptional stretch ability are needed eg external ear and the epiglottis

Question 13

Fibrocartilage

Answer 13

Matrix is similar but less firm than hyaline

Compressible and resists tension well

found where strong support and ability to withstand heavy pressure are required eg intervertebral discs and spongy cartilages of the knee

Question 14

Osteoporosis

Answer 14

Loss of minerals like calcium more quickly than it can be replaced causing a loss of bone mass or density

Osteoporotic fractures can occur in the weakens bone

Postural changes, muscle weakness reduced height and deformity of the spine can occur

Question 15

Osteoarthritis

Answer 15

Protein makeup of cartilage degenerated from repetitive use of joints can inflame the cartilage

Loss of cartilage cushion in joints caused friction between bones

Painful and limited movement

Question 16

Lamallae

Answer 16

Concentric rings of bone matrix that surround haversian canal