bones Flashcards
What are the ends of bones called?
epiphysis
The epiphysis is the rounded end of a long bone, which articulates with other bones at joints.
What is the long part or shaft of the bone called?
diaphysis
The diaphysis is the central part of a long bone, primarily composed of compact bone.
What is the cartilage on the ends of bones called?
Articular cartilage
Articular cartilage reduces friction and absorbs shock at the joints.
What is the covering of the bone made of dense connective tissue called?
periosteum
The periosteum serves as a protective layer and is involved in the growth and repair of the bone.
What is the cavity in the middle of the bone called?
Medullary cavity
The medullary cavity contains yellow marrow and is involved in fat storage.
Where is yellow marrow found?
In medullary cavity
Yellow marrow primarily stores fat and is found in the central cavity of long bones.
Where is red marrow found and what does it do?
In spongy bone. Makes blood
Red marrow is responsible for hematopoiesis, the production of blood cells.
What are growth plates called?
epiphyseal disks
Epiphyseal disks allow for the growth of long bones during childhood and adolescence.
Where is blood made and what is the name for making blood?
Red marrow. Hematopoiesis
Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell formation, primarily occurring in red bone marrow.
Give 4 examples of a long bone.
- Femur
- Humerus
- Metacarpals
- Phalanges
Long bones are characterized by their length and include bones of the limbs.
Give 2 examples of a flat bone.
- Ribs
- Skull plates
Flat bones provide protection and a surface for muscle attachment.
Give 2 examples of an irregular bone.
- Vertebrae
- Pelvis
Irregular bones have complex shapes and do not fit into other categories.
What is the axial skeleton composed of?
- Head
- Vertebrae
- Ribs
The axial skeleton provides support and protection for the brain, spinal cord, and thoracic organs.
What is the appendicular skeleton composed of?
- Arms
- Legs
- Pelvis
The appendicular skeleton facilitates movement and interaction with the environment.
What is a fontanel?
Soft spot on baby’s head
Fontanels allow for the skull to compress during childbirth and accommodate rapid brain growth.
Name the skull bones.
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Occipital
- Temporal
These bones form the protective case around the brain.
What is the first vertebra called?
atlas
The atlas supports the skull and allows for the nodding motion of the head.
What is the second vertebra called?
axis
The axis allows for the rotation of the head, enabling side-to-side movement.
What are neck vertebrae called?
cervical
The cervical vertebrae consist of seven bones that support the neck.
What are middle back vertebrae called?
thoracic
The thoracic vertebrae articulate with the ribs and support the upper back.
What are lower back vertebrae called?
lumbar
The lumbar vertebrae are larger and support more weight, crucial for lower back stability.
What is the name for the cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum?
Costal cartilage
Costal cartilage allows for flexibility and movement of the rib cage during breathing.
What are the parts of the coxal bone?
Iliac crest, Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
The coxal bone forms part of the pelvis.
Which arm bone moves when you rotate your arm?
Radius
