Bones Flashcards
Functions of bones
- weight bearing/support
- protection
- mineral store
- blood formation
flat bone
front of skull
suitural bone
cranium
short bone
carpal
irregular bone
vertebra
sesamoid bone
patella
long bone
femur
basic anatomy of bones
- compact/cortical bone vs spongy/trabecular bone
- blood vessels
- medullary cavity (filled with bone marrow)
- bone marrow
- membranes (periosteum, endosteum)
what is the mineral in bones?
hydroxyapatite crystals
function of hydroxyapatite
makes bone stiff and able to support structures
high strength under compression
what type of collagen is in bones
type one
function of collagen in bones
gives bone some flexibility and reduces risk of fracture
high strength under tension
main cells of bone formation
osteoclasts
osteoblasts
bone turnover and remodelling
constant process even in adults
osteoclasts
multinucleate cells that break down bone and remove it
osteoblasts
immature cells that replace bone constantly
initiate calcification
where do osteoclasts come from
haemopoietic lineage
where do osteoblasts come from
mesenchymal lineage
where are osteoclasts found
found on outer surface of bones
where are osteoblasts created
osteopreginator cells in periosteum and endosteum
what is an osteocyte
mature bone cells found inside lacunae
what are osteocytes derived from
differentiation of osteoblasts
function of osteocyte
sense effect - mechanical effect
what is endochondrial ossification
development of long bone
- cartilage model formed first
- blood vessels invade cartilage
- cartilage replaced with bone
- cartilage remains in epiphyseal growth plate
- growth plate eventually ossifies
