Bones

Question 1

Functions of bones

Answer 1

1. weight bearing/support
2. protection
3. mineral store
4. blood formation

Question 2

flat bone

Answer 2

front of skull

Question 3

suitural bone

Answer 3

cranium

Question 4

short bone

Answer 4

carpal

Question 5

irregular bone

Answer 5

vertebra

Question 6

sesamoid bone

Answer 6

patella

Question 7

long bone

Answer 7

femur

Question 8

basic anatomy of bones

Answer 8

1. compact/cortical bone vs spongy/trabecular bone
2. blood vessels
3. medullary cavity (filled with bone marrow)
4. bone marrow
5. membranes (periosteum, endosteum)

Question 9

what is the mineral in bones?

Answer 9

hydroxyapatite crystals

Question 10

function of hydroxyapatite

Answer 10

makes bone stiff and able to support structures
high strength under compression

Question 11

what type of collagen is in bones

Answer 11

type one

Question 12

function of collagen in bones

Answer 12

gives bone some flexibility and reduces risk of fracture
high strength under tension

Question 13

main cells of bone formation

Answer 13

osteoclasts
osteoblasts

Question 14

bone turnover and remodelling

Answer 14

constant process even in adults

Question 15

osteoclasts

Answer 15

multinucleate cells that break down bone and remove it

Question 16

osteoblasts

Answer 16

immature cells that replace bone constantly
initiate calcification

Question 17

where do osteoclasts come from

Answer 17

haemopoietic lineage

Question 18

where do osteoblasts come from

Answer 18

mesenchymal lineage

Question 19

where are osteoclasts found

Answer 19

found on outer surface of bones

Question 20

where are osteoblasts created

Answer 20

osteopreginator cells in periosteum and endosteum

Question 21

what is an osteocyte

Answer 21

mature bone cells found inside lacunae

Question 22

what are osteocytes derived from

Answer 22

differentiation of osteoblasts

Question 23

function of osteocyte

Answer 23

sense effect - mechanical effect

Question 24

what is endochondrial ossification

Answer 24

development of long bone
- cartilage model formed first
- blood vessels invade cartilage
- cartilage replaced with bone
- cartilage remains in epiphyseal growth plate
- growth plate eventually ossifies

Question 25

intramembrous ossification

Answer 25

flat bone but also long bone
- no cartilage model
mesenchymal cells develop into osteoprogenitor cells that mature into osteoblasts that start depositing bone
- residual mesenchymal cells develop blood vessels and bone marrow

Question 26

what group do you find intramembrous ossification

Answer 26

adult bone

Question 27

appositional

Answer 27

growth in diameter

Question 28

interstitial

Answer 28

growth in length from epiphyseal growth plate