Bones Flashcards
Reduce friction and model for bone
Cartilage
Attach bone to muscles
Tendons
Attach bone to bone
Ligaments
A part of ground substance that store water and large polysaccharides attached to proteins
Proteoglycans
Example of long bone
Fibula
Femur
Tibia
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Examples of short bone
Carpals, Tarsals, Phalanges
Examples of flat bone
Ribs, Sternum, Skull
Examples of Irregular bone
Vertebrae, Facial
Types of bone tissue
Spongy Bone
Compact Bone
Main portion or body of the bone
Diaphysis
Proximal and distal ends of the bone
Epiphysis
A thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the part of epiphysis
Articular cartilage
It allows diaphysis of bone to grow in length
Epiphysial plate
A bony structure that replaces the cartilage in epiphysial plate when a bone ceases to grow in length at ages 14-24
Epiphysial line
A tough connective tissue sheath that associated blood supply that surrounds the bone surface; outermost layer
Periosteum
Thinner connective tissue that lines the surface of the medullary cavity
Endosteum
Hallow, cylindrical space within the diaphysis that contains fatty yellow bone marrow and numerous blood vessels in adult
Medullary cavity
A connective tissue that produces red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
Red bone marrow
A connective tissue that consists mainly of adipose cells, which stores triglycerides
Yellow bone marrow
A blood cell production
Hemopoiesis
Is a box like shaped in appearance
Short bones
What does yellow bone marrow store?
Triglycerides
Thin, generally curved as thier name implies “flat”.
Flat bones
It formed two parallel layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone
Flat bones
A complicated bone
Irregular bones
Bones that are embedded in tendons
Sesamoid bones
Is the outer part of the diaphysis
Compact bones
A structural unit of a compact bone
Osteon
What does osteon contains?
Lamella
Lacunae
Canaliculus
Central canal
Osteocytes
A rings of the bone matrix
Lamella
The spaces between lamella
Lacunae
It is a tiny canals that transport nutrients and remove waste
Canaliculus
The center of osteon that contains blood vessels
Central canal
Also called as cancellous bone, and do not contain osteons
Spongy bone
The interconnecting rods and spaces contain marrow. It creates spongy structure to cancellous bones
Trabeculae
It maintain the bone matrix and it is also called “mature bones”
Osteocytes
It build bones, grow and heal existing bones.
Osteoblast
It dissolve or breakdown old or damaged bone
Osteoclast
The process of bone formation which occurs in utero
Ossification
It is also known as hole that allows the passage of structures from one region to another.
Foramen
It is a depression or cavity
Fossa
How many pair of ribs in a thoracic vertebra?
12
How many pairs of ribs in cervical?
7
How many pairs are there in lumbar vertebra?
5
Vertebral column is consist of?
7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
1 sacrum
1 coccyx
Ribs that attach directly to sternum by cartilage
True ribs
Ribs that is attach indirectly to sternum by cartilage
False ribs
Ribs that do not attached to sternum
Floating ribs
It is the 1st vertebra that holds the head
Atlas
The 2nd vertebra that rotates the head
Axis
Functions of vertebral column
Support
Protect spinal cord
Movement
Is where the two or more bones meet and join together
Articulation
It is a non movable joint, the skull is one of the example.
Synarthrosis
Is a slightly movable joint or have a limited mobility
Amphiarthrosis
Is a freely movable joints like knee, elbow and wrist
Diarthrosis
The inferior and posterior region of pelvic girdle
Ischium
is the most superior region of pelvic girdle
Ilium
