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Science > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

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1
Q

Type of Bone Functions

A

Support, Protection, Assistance in movement, Mineral Homeostasis, Blood Cell Production

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2
Q

Type of Bone Structure

A

Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Epiphyseal Plate, Articular Cartilage, Periosteum, Medullary Cavity, Endosteum,

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3
Q

How many bones are in the body

A

206

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4
Q

What is the Axial, how many bones and function

A

80 Bones and function supports head, neck and trunk, protects brain, spinal cord and organs in thorax

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5
Q

What is the Appendicular, how many bones and function

A

126 Bones, limbs and their girdles and function enables us to carry out movements

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6
Q

Bones are named based on their shape give example ; long

A

Humerus and Femur

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7
Q

Bones are named based on their shape give example ; short

A

Carpals and Tarsals

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8
Q

Bones are named based on their shape give example ; Flat

A

Sternum, Scapula, Skull

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9
Q

Bones are named based on their shape give example ; Irregular

A

Vertebra, bones of face

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10
Q

Draw a long bone and label it

A

Refer to book

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11
Q

Types of bone cells ; Osteoblats

A

Bone building cells, syntheses and secrete matrix minerals

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12
Q

Types of bone cells ; Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue

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13
Q

Types of bone cells ; Osteoclasts

A

Huge multinucleate cells, resorb and remodel bone with endosteum

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14
Q

Compact bone are arranged in units called

A

Osteons or Haversian system

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15
Q

What does the Haversian System contain and draw and label

A

Lamellae, Lacunae, Osteocytes, Canaliculi and central canals

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16
Q

What is central canal ( Haversian )

A

Run longitudinally through the bone contains blood vessels and nerves

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17
Q

What is lamellae

A

Concentric rings of hard calcified matrix

18
Q

What is lacunae

A

Small spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes

19
Q

What is canaliculi ( little canals

A

Radiating in all directions from lacunae are networks of minute canals containing the processes of osteocytes

20
Q

What bone consists of lamellae arranged in an irregular lattice of thin columns called trabeculae are filled with red bone marrow

A

Spongy Bone

21
Q

What two type of cartilage is there and where are they found

A

Interstitial growth ( within )
Appositional growth ( outside )

22
Q

What bone grows in thickness but not in length

A

Periosteum : Membrane surrounding the outside of bone. Contains osteoblasts, allows bone to grow in thickness but not in length

23
Q

What bone grows in length not in thickness

A

Epiphyseal Plate : Cartilage is replaced by bone - layer of hyaline cartilage enables bone to grow in length

24
Q

What is the role of Periosteum

A

Protects bone, assist in fracture repair, help nourish bone, serves as a attachment point for ligaments and tendons

25
Q

What is Endochondral Ossification ( bone formation )

A

Formation of bone within hyaline cartilage

26
Q

Whats in Endochondral Ossification

A

Development of cartilage model ; Mesenchyme cells different into chondroblasts which produce a hyaline cartilage ‘model’ of bone

Growth of cartilage model ; Cartilage model grows in length by the continual cell division of chondrocytes and deposition of cartilage matrix ( interstitial growth )

27
Q

Label in order : of compact bone to sponge bone and how many steps are there

A

5

28
Q

Formation of the medullary cavity as ossification continues ; appearance of secondary ossification centres in the epiphyses in preparation for stage 5

A

4

29
Q

Cavitation of hyaline cartilage within cartilage model

A

2

30
Q

Invasion of internal cavities by the periosteal bud and spongy bone formation

A

3

31
Q

Ossification of the epiphysis when completed, hyaline cartilage remains only in the epiphyseal plates and articular cartilages. ( grow until young adulthood )

A

5

32
Q

Formation of bone collar around hyaline cartilage model

A

1

33
Q

Long bones grow in length by what of the what cartilage

A

interstitial growth and epiphyseal plate

34
Q

Epiphyseal plate is divided into how many zones ?

A

5

35
Q

What are the 5 zones

A

resting zone, proliferation zone, hypertrophic zone, calcification zone, ossification zone

36
Q

resting zone is

A

small, scattered chondrocytes, cartilage is inactive ( resting )

37
Q

proliferation zone, is

A

Slightly larger chondrocytes arranged like stacks of coins

38
Q

hypertrophic zone, is

A

Larger cells still in columns, contains older chondrocytes

39
Q

calcification zone, is

A

Only a few cells thick cartilage matrix calcifies and the chondrocytes die

40
Q

ossification zone is

A

osteoblasts and blood vessels invade from the diaphysis

41
Q

Where is the diaphysis located ?

A

Bottom under the ossification

42
Q

Growth in width ( thickness ) is due to what

A

appositional growth

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