Bones

Question 1

Type of Bone Functions

Answer 1

Support, Protection, Assistance in movement, Mineral Homeostasis, Blood Cell Production

Question 2

Type of Bone Structure

Answer 2

Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Epiphyseal Plate, Articular Cartilage, Periosteum, Medullary Cavity, Endosteum,

Question 3

How many bones are in the body

Answer 3

206

Question 4

What is the Axial, how many bones and function

Answer 4

80 Bones and function supports head, neck and trunk, protects brain, spinal cord and organs in thorax

Question 5

What is the Appendicular, how many bones and function

Answer 5

126 Bones, limbs and their girdles and function enables us to carry out movements

Question 6

Bones are named based on their shape give example ; long

Answer 6

Humerus and Femur

Question 7

Bones are named based on their shape give example ; short

Answer 7

Carpals and Tarsals

Question 8

Bones are named based on their shape give example ; Flat

Answer 8

Sternum, Scapula, Skull

Question 9

Bones are named based on their shape give example ; Irregular

Answer 9

Vertebra, bones of face

Question 10

Draw a long bone and label it

Answer 10

Refer to book

Question 11

Types of bone cells ; Osteoblats

Answer 11

Bone building cells, syntheses and secrete matrix minerals

Question 12

Types of bone cells ; Osteocytes

Answer 12

Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue

Question 13

Types of bone cells ; Osteoclasts

Answer 13

Huge multinucleate cells, resorb and remodel bone with endosteum

Question 14

Compact bone are arranged in units called

Answer 14

Osteons or Haversian system

Question 15

What does the Haversian System contain and draw and label

Answer 15

Lamellae, Lacunae, Osteocytes, Canaliculi and central canals

Question 16

What is central canal ( Haversian )

Answer 16

Run longitudinally through the bone contains blood vessels and nerves

Question 17

What is lamellae

Answer 17

Concentric rings of hard calcified matrix

Question 18

What is lacunae

Answer 18

Small spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes

Question 19

What is canaliculi ( little canals

Answer 19

Radiating in all directions from lacunae are networks of minute canals containing the processes of osteocytes

Question 20

What bone consists of lamellae arranged in an irregular lattice of thin columns called trabeculae are filled with red bone marrow

Answer 20

Spongy Bone

Question 21

What two type of cartilage is there and where are they found

Answer 21

Interstitial growth ( within )
Appositional growth ( outside )

Question 22

What bone grows in thickness but not in length

Answer 22

Periosteum : Membrane surrounding the outside of bone. Contains osteoblasts, allows bone to grow in thickness but not in length

Question 23

What bone grows in length not in thickness

Answer 23

Epiphyseal Plate : Cartilage is replaced by bone - layer of hyaline cartilage enables bone to grow in length

Question 24

What is the role of Periosteum

Answer 24

Protects bone, assist in fracture repair, help nourish bone, serves as a attachment point for ligaments and tendons

Question 25

What is Endochondral Ossification ( bone formation )

Answer 25

Formation of bone within hyaline cartilage

Question 26

Whats in Endochondral Ossification

Answer 26

Development of cartilage model ; Mesenchyme cells different into chondroblasts which produce a hyaline cartilage 'model' of bone Growth of cartilage model ; Cartilage model grows in length by the continual cell division of chondrocytes and deposition of cartilage matrix ( interstitial growth )

Question 27

Label in order : of compact bone to sponge bone and how many steps are there

Answer 27

5

Question 28

Formation of the medullary cavity as ossification continues ; appearance of secondary ossification centres in the epiphyses in preparation for stage 5

Answer 28

4

Question 29

Cavitation of hyaline cartilage within cartilage model

Answer 29

2

Question 30

Invasion of internal cavities by the periosteal bud and spongy bone formation

Answer 30

3

Question 31

Ossification of the epiphysis when completed, hyaline cartilage remains only in the epiphyseal plates and articular cartilages. ( grow until young adulthood )

Answer 31

5

Question 32

Formation of bone collar around hyaline cartilage model

Answer 32

1

Question 33

Long bones grow in length by what of the what cartilage

Answer 33

interstitial growth and epiphyseal plate

Question 34

Epiphyseal plate is divided into how many zones ?

Answer 34

5

Question 35

What are the 5 zones

Answer 35

resting zone, proliferation zone, hypertrophic zone, calcification zone, ossification zone

Question 36

resting zone is

Answer 36

small, scattered chondrocytes, cartilage is inactive ( resting )

Question 37

proliferation zone, is

Answer 37

Slightly larger chondrocytes arranged like stacks of coins

Question 38

hypertrophic zone, is

Answer 38

Larger cells still in columns, contains older chondrocytes

Question 39

calcification zone, is

Answer 39

Only a few cells thick cartilage matrix calcifies and the chondrocytes die

Question 40

ossification zone is

Answer 40

osteoblasts and blood vessels invade from the diaphysis

Question 41

Where is the diaphysis located ?

Answer 41

Bottom under the ossification

Question 42

Growth in width ( thickness ) is due to what

Answer 42

appositional growth