Bones Flashcards
Type of Bone Functions
Support, Protection, Assistance in movement, Mineral Homeostasis, Blood Cell Production
Type of Bone Structure
Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Epiphyseal Plate, Articular Cartilage, Periosteum, Medullary Cavity, Endosteum,
How many bones are in the body
206
What is the Axial, how many bones and function
80 Bones and function supports head, neck and trunk, protects brain, spinal cord and organs in thorax
What is the Appendicular, how many bones and function
126 Bones, limbs and their girdles and function enables us to carry out movements
Bones are named based on their shape give example ; long
Humerus and Femur
Bones are named based on their shape give example ; short
Carpals and Tarsals
Bones are named based on their shape give example ; Flat
Sternum, Scapula, Skull
Bones are named based on their shape give example ; Irregular
Vertebra, bones of face
Draw a long bone and label it
Refer to book
Types of bone cells ; Osteoblats
Bone building cells, syntheses and secrete matrix minerals
Types of bone cells ; Osteocytes
Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue
Types of bone cells ; Osteoclasts
Huge multinucleate cells, resorb and remodel bone with endosteum
Compact bone are arranged in units called
Osteons or Haversian system
What does the Haversian System contain and draw and label
Lamellae, Lacunae, Osteocytes, Canaliculi and central canals
What is central canal ( Haversian )
Run longitudinally through the bone contains blood vessels and nerves
What is lamellae
Concentric rings of hard calcified matrix
What is lacunae
Small spaces between lamellae that contain osteocytes
What is canaliculi ( little canals
Radiating in all directions from lacunae are networks of minute canals containing the processes of osteocytes
What bone consists of lamellae arranged in an irregular lattice of thin columns called trabeculae are filled with red bone marrow
Spongy Bone
What two type of cartilage is there and where are they found
Interstitial growth ( within )
Appositional growth ( outside )
What bone grows in thickness but not in length
Periosteum : Membrane surrounding the outside of bone. Contains osteoblasts, allows bone to grow in thickness but not in length
What bone grows in length not in thickness
Epiphyseal Plate : Cartilage is replaced by bone - layer of hyaline cartilage enables bone to grow in length
What is the role of Periosteum
Protects bone, assist in fracture repair, help nourish bone, serves as a attachment point for ligaments and tendons
What is Endochondral Ossification ( bone formation )
Formation of bone within hyaline cartilage
Whats in Endochondral Ossification
Development of cartilage model ; Mesenchyme cells different into chondroblasts which produce a hyaline cartilage ‘model’ of bone
Growth of cartilage model ; Cartilage model grows in length by the continual cell division of chondrocytes and deposition of cartilage matrix ( interstitial growth )
Label in order : of compact bone to sponge bone and how many steps are there
5
Formation of the medullary cavity as ossification continues ; appearance of secondary ossification centres in the epiphyses in preparation for stage 5
4
Cavitation of hyaline cartilage within cartilage model
2
Invasion of internal cavities by the periosteal bud and spongy bone formation
3
Ossification of the epiphysis when completed, hyaline cartilage remains only in the epiphyseal plates and articular cartilages. ( grow until young adulthood )
5
Formation of bone collar around hyaline cartilage model
1
Long bones grow in length by what of the what cartilage
interstitial growth and epiphyseal plate
Epiphyseal plate is divided into how many zones ?
5
What are the 5 zones
resting zone, proliferation zone, hypertrophic zone, calcification zone, ossification zone
resting zone is
small, scattered chondrocytes, cartilage is inactive ( resting )
proliferation zone, is
Slightly larger chondrocytes arranged like stacks of coins
hypertrophic zone, is
Larger cells still in columns, contains older chondrocytes
calcification zone, is
Only a few cells thick cartilage matrix calcifies and the chondrocytes die
ossification zone is
osteoblasts and blood vessels invade from the diaphysis
Where is the diaphysis located ?
Bottom under the ossification
Growth in width ( thickness ) is due to what
appositional growth
