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HES 120 > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of bones in the human body?

A
  1. supportive
  2. protective
  3. mineral storage
  4. blood cell formation
  5. aids in movement
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2
Q

Long Bones

A

long, tubular in shape
ex: humerus and femur

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3
Q

Short Bones

A

cuboidal in shape
ex: carpals and tarsals

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4
Q

Flat Bones

A

broad, flat and thin
ex: bones of the skull, the sternum, etc…

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5
Q

Sesamoid Bones

A

round or oval in shape
develop within tendons
patella and the sesamoids (2 in each thumb, 2 in each big toe)

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6
Q

Irregular Bones

A

bones of various shapes that do not fit into other categories
bones of the face

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7
Q

Axial skeleton

A

bones of the skull, vertebral column (including the sacrum and the coccyx), ribs, and sternum

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8
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

bones of the upper and lower limbs

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9
Q

Where are the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and sphenoid bones

A

forehead, top of head, side of head, lower back of head, behind eyes

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10
Q

Where are the maxilla and mandible located

A

maxilla: above the teeth and around the nose
mandible: under the teeth - jaw

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11
Q

What are the three vertebrae and how many are there of each

A

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar

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11
Q

What separates each vertebrae

A

an intervertebral disc, which supports and cushions movement

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11
Q

What are the other two parts of the vertebrae

A

the 5 sacral vertebrae which are fused and move as one bone - also known as the sacrum
the 4 coccygeal vertebrae which are also fused and move as one bone - also known as the coccyx

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12
Q

Define process

A

a projection or outgrowth coming off a bone

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13
Q

Define articular

A

relating to a joint or the region in which a joint is located

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14
Q

Define foramen

A

an opening or hole in a bone

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15
Q

Key characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae (label a drawing too)

A
  • largest and heaviest of all vertebrae
  • the body is kidney-shaped
  • vertebral foramen is triangle-shaped
  • the transverse process is short
  • the spinous process is thick and points posteriorly
  • LI-LV
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16
Q

Define costal

A

relating to the ribs

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17
Q

Define facet

A

a small, smooth surface

18
Q

Key characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae (label a diagram too)

A
  • articulate with the ribs
  • the body is heart-shaped
  • vertebral foramen is circular
  • the transverse process is long
  • the spinous process is long and inferiorly pointing
  • costal facets are only on the thoracic vertebrae
  • TI-TXII
19
Q

Key characteristics of the cervical vertebrae

A
  • the body is small and oval
  • vertebral foramen is triangular
  • transverse process contains transverse foramen
  • the spinous process has a unique fork shape
  • articular facet is both superior and inferior
  • CIII-CVII
20
Q

Articular facet vs. articular process

A
  • they both play the same role
  • for thoracic and lumbar, it is called a process as it projects off of the vertebrae
  • for cervical it is called a facet as it is a flatter surface and does not project off of the bone as much
21
Q

What is C1

A

the atlas
- no spinous process
- transverse process
- lateral mass (supports weight of the head)

22
Q

what is C2

A

the axis
- dens (odontoid process)
- body
- transverse process
- spinous process

23
Q

Where are the occipital condyles located

A

bottom of the skull around the foramen

24
Q

two examples of cervical movement

A

shaking your head no and stretching your neck

24
Q

two examples of thoracic/lumbar movement

A

bending at the hips and twisting back and forth (back cracking)

25
Q

Describe the sacrum

A
  • forms the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity
  • superior articular process
  • base
  • apex
26
Q

Describe the coccyx

A
  • articulates with inferior articular surface of the sacrum
27
Q

Characteristics of sternum and ribs

A

sternum:
- manubrium
- body
- xiphoid process

12 pairs of ribs:
- top 7 ribs are true ribs (attached directly to the sternum)
- ribs 8-12 are false ribs
- bottom 2 ribs are floating (not connected to the sternum)

28
Q

Define tubercle

A

a small rounded projection (a bump) on the surface of a bone
On a rib, tubercle is an eminence on the back surface, at the junction between the neck and the body of the rib

29
Q

list the parts of the ribs and their functions

A
  • Head articulates with the body of the
    thoracic vertebrae.
  • Tubercle articulates with the
    transverse process of the thoracic
    vertebrae.
  • Rib curves at its angle.
  • Rib shaft
  • Anteriorly connects to the sternum via
    costal cartilage.
30
Q

Describe the clavicle

A

connects to the scapula at one end (acromial end - base of the hockey stick) and the sternum at the other end (sternal end - handle of the hockey stick)

31
Q

Describe the scapula

A
  • shoulder blade
  • sits on the posterior rib cage from rib I and rib VII
32
Q

Describe the humerus

A

largest bone of the upper limb - humerus think humour (funny bone) - bone above the elbow

33
Q

Describe the radius

A

on the same side of the thumb - that’s rad dude!!

34
Q

Describe the ulna

A
  • end of the ulna is the olecranon, which is the bony bump often referred to as the elbow
  • look up the styloid
35
Q

Name what you would find in one hand

A

the thumb is called the pollex
- 8 carpal bones
- 5 metacarpal bones
- 14 phalanges (proximal, medial, distal)

36
Q

Describe the femur

A

head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of innominate (hip bone)
femur - think female wearing a skirt - will most likely cover the femur

37
Q

Describe the patella

A
  • articulates with the distal end of the femur
  • located in the quadriceps tendon (sesamoid bone)
  • knee cap
38
Q

Describe the tibia

A
  • articulates with the femur proximally
  • articulates with the tarsal bones distally
  • articulates with the fibula laterally
  • tibia is the primary weight bearer of the 2 bones (fibula bears 1/6th of the weight)
  • fibuLA = lateral - telling a little FIB = the smaller bone of the two
39
Q

describe what you find in one foot

A
  • big toe = hallux
  • 7 tarsal bones - need to know calcaneus (the heel) and talus (bones that make up the lower portion of the ankle)
  • 5 metatarsal bones
  • 14 phalange bones
40
Q

What is each bone made up of

A

compact bone:
- dense bone that forms the outer shell of all bones
- surrounds spongy bone
spongy bone (aka trabecular or cancellous bone)
- forms a scaffolding-like centre of bones, which forms cavities that are filled by bone marrow

41
Q

what happens to bones if you load them or dont load them

A

it is a use it or lose it system

42
Q

describe how a bone is both vascular and innervated

A
  • the outer layer of the bone has more sensory nerves than the inner layers
  • The vascular system brings nutrients and transports cells that the bone marrow makes into the blood stream.

HES 120 (3 decks)

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