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HES 120 > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of bones in the human body?

A
  1. supportive
  2. protective
  3. mineral storage
  4. blood cell formation
  5. aids in movement
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2
Q

Long Bones

A

long, tubular in shape
ex: humerus and femur

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3
Q

Short Bones

A

cuboidal in shape
ex: carpals and tarsals

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4
Q

Flat Bones

A

broad, flat and thin
ex: bones of the skull, the sternum, etc…

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5
Q

Sesamoid Bones

A

round or oval in shape
develop within tendons
patella and the sesamoids (2 in each thumb, 2 in each big toe)

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6
Q

Irregular Bones

A

bones of various shapes that do not fit into other categories
bones of the face

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7
Q

Axial skeleton

A

bones of the skull, vertebral column (including the sacrum and the coccyx), ribs, and sternum

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8
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

bones of the upper and lower limbs

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9
Q

Where are the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and sphenoid bones

A

forehead, top of head, side of head, lower back of head, behind eyes

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10
Q

Where are the maxilla and mandible located

A

maxilla: above the teeth and around the nose
mandible: under the teeth - jaw

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11
Q

What are the three vertebrae and how many are there of each

A

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar

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11
Q

What separates each vertebrae

A

an intervertebral disc, which supports and cushions movement

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11
Q

What are the other two parts of the vertebrae

A

the 5 sacral vertebrae which are fused and move as one bone - also known as the sacrum
the 4 coccygeal vertebrae which are also fused and move as one bone - also known as the coccyx

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12
Q

Define process

A

a projection or outgrowth coming off a bone

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13
Q

Define articular

A

relating to a joint or the region in which a joint is located

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14
Q

Define foramen

A

an opening or hole in a bone

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15
Q

Key characteristics of the lumbar vertebrae (label a drawing too)

A
  • largest and heaviest of all vertebrae
  • the body is kidney-shaped
  • vertebral foramen is triangle-shaped
  • the transverse process is short
  • the spinous process is thick and points posteriorly
  • LI-LV
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16
Q

Define costal

A

relating to the ribs

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17
Q

Define facet

A

a small, smooth surface

18
Q

Key characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae (label a diagram too)

A
  • articulate with the ribs
  • the body is heart-shaped
  • vertebral foramen is circular
  • the transverse process is long
  • the spinous process is long and inferiorly pointing
  • costal facets are only on the thoracic vertebrae
  • TI-TXII
19
Q

Key characteristics of the cervical vertebrae

A
  • the body is small and oval
  • vertebral foramen is triangular
  • transverse process contains transverse foramen
  • the spinous process has a unique fork shape
  • articular facet is both superior and inferior
  • CIII-CVII
20
Q

Articular facet vs. articular process

A
  • they both play the same role
  • for thoracic and lumbar, it is called a process as it projects off of the vertebrae
  • for cervical it is called a facet as it is a flatter surface and does not project off of the bone as much
21
Q

What is C1

A

the atlas
- no spinous process
- transverse process
- lateral mass (supports weight of the head)

22
Q

what is C2

A

the axis
- dens (odontoid process)
- body
- transverse process
- spinous process

23
Where are the occipital condyles located
bottom of the skull around the foramen
24
two examples of cervical movement
shaking your head no and stretching your neck
24
two examples of thoracic/lumbar movement
bending at the hips and twisting back and forth (back cracking)
25
Describe the sacrum
- forms the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity - superior articular process - base - apex
26
Describe the coccyx
- articulates with inferior articular surface of the sacrum
27
Characteristics of sternum and ribs
sternum: - manubrium - body - xiphoid process 12 pairs of ribs: - top 7 ribs are true ribs (attached directly to the sternum) - ribs 8-12 are false ribs - bottom 2 ribs are floating (not connected to the sternum)
28
Define tubercle
a small rounded projection (a bump) on the surface of a bone On a rib, tubercle is an eminence on the back surface, at the junction between the neck and the body of the rib
29
list the parts of the ribs and their functions
- Head articulates with the body of the thoracic vertebrae. - Tubercle articulates with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae. - Rib curves at its angle. - Rib shaft - Anteriorly connects to the sternum via costal cartilage.
30
Describe the clavicle
connects to the scapula at one end (acromial end - base of the hockey stick) and the sternum at the other end (sternal end - handle of the hockey stick)
31
Describe the scapula
- shoulder blade - sits on the posterior rib cage from rib I and rib VII
32
Describe the humerus
largest bone of the upper limb - humerus think humour (funny bone) - bone above the elbow
33
Describe the radius
on the same side of the thumb - that's rad dude!!
34
Describe the ulna
- end of the ulna is the olecranon, which is the bony bump often referred to as the elbow - look up the styloid
35
Name what you would find in one hand
the thumb is called the pollex - 8 carpal bones - 5 metacarpal bones - 14 phalanges (proximal, medial, distal)
36
Describe the femur
head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of innominate (hip bone) femur - think female wearing a skirt - will most likely cover the femur
37
Describe the patella
- articulates with the distal end of the femur - located in the quadriceps tendon (sesamoid bone) - knee cap
38
Describe the tibia
- articulates with the femur proximally - articulates with the tarsal bones distally - articulates with the fibula laterally - tibia is the primary weight bearer of the 2 bones (fibula bears 1/6th of the weight) - fibuLA = lateral - telling a little FIB = the smaller bone of the two
39
describe what you find in one foot
- big toe = hallux - 7 tarsal bones - need to know calcaneus (the heel) and talus (bones that make up the lower portion of the ankle) - 5 metatarsal bones - 14 phalange bones
40
What is each bone made up of
compact bone: - dense bone that forms the outer shell of all bones - surrounds spongy bone spongy bone (aka trabecular or cancellous bone) - forms a scaffolding-like centre of bones, which forms cavities that are filled by bone marrow
41
what happens to bones if you load them or dont load them
it is a use it or lose it system
42
describe how a bone is both vascular and innervated
- the outer layer of the bone has more sensory nerves than the inner layers - The vascular system brings nutrients and transports cells that the bone marrow makes into the blood stream.

HES 120 (3 decks)

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