Bones Flashcards
5 Types of Bones
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
Diaphysis
Center of the long bone
Epiphysis
Bulky portions at both ends of the bone
Epiphysis serves as what?
A location for muscles to attach
Epiphyseal line is known as what?
Growth plate
It fuses and disappears in adulthood
Cancellous
Contains red bone marrow and is used for blood cell development
Upper Extremity Long Bones (5)
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Lower Extremity Long Bones (5)
Tibia (shin bone)
Fibula
Metatarsals
Femur
Phalanges
Carpals (wrist) Bones (8)
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetral
Humane
Pisiform
Capitate
Trapezoid
Trapezium
Tarsals (ankles) Bones (7)
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
Lateral cuneiform
Medical cuneiform
Flat Bones of the Skull (6)
Occipital
Parietal
Frontal
Nasal
Lacrimal
Vomer
What is the main function of flat bones?
Protect internal organs
Flat Bones of the Thoracic Cage (2)
Sternum
Ribs
Flat Bones of the Pelvis (3)
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Where are sesamoid bones located?
Within the tendons
What are sesamoid bones function?
Reinforce and protect tendons
Muscle Tissue (3)
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal Muscle
Striated or cross striped
Move the body
Attached to the bones
Smooth Muscle
Interlock so muscle cells can contract together
Cardiac Muscle
Makes up the wall of the heart
Closed Fracture
Broken bone doesn’t break the skin
Closed fracture is also known as…
Simple fracture
Open Fracture
Bone breaks the skin
Open fracture is also known as…
Compound fracture
Type of fracture that increases the risk of infection
Open fracture
Comminuted Fracture
Bone is broken is more than 2 places
Transverse Fracture
Shaft of the bone is broken
Complete fracture
Greenstick Fracture
Incomplete fracture
Greenstick fracture is common in….
Children
Spiral Fracture
Caused by twisting motion, located along the shaft
Complete fracture
Compression Fracture occurs on….
Vertebrae
Epiphyseal Fracture is typically seen in…
Children
Types of Fracture Treatments (6)
Closed Reduction
Reduction
Immobilization
Traction
Skeletal Traction
Skin Traction
Closed Reduction
How is it performed?
A fracture that didn’t cause a break in the skin and is less than 2mm in size can be treated using the closed-reduction technique.
Is performed by manipulating the bone back to its normal position and stabilizing it with proper material.
Reduction
Surgical correction of fractured bone to normal position
Immobilization
Prevents what?
Involves using casting material to hold a fractured bone in place for a set period.
Prevents the bone and surrounding joints from moving.
Traction
Skeletal vs. Skin
Skeletal Traction
Insertion of an internal device to apply bone-pulling force
Skin Traction
External adhesive application to apply pulling force
Improper Healing of Fractures (3)
Nonunion
Malunion
Delayed Union
Nonunion
Bone doesn’t calcify, leaving the broken ends separated
Malunion
Bone calcifies and heals in the wrong position
Delayed Union
Bone calcification takes an extended period of time
Largest bone in the body
Femur
The femur is the….
Largest bone in the body
Largest sesamoid in the body…
Patella
The patella is….
The largest sesamoid in the body
Patella is also know as…
Knee joint
Knee joint is also called…
Patella
