Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Heterotopic bones

A

Sometimes form in soft tissues where they are not normally present

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2
Q

Who often gets heterotopic bones in their thighs

A

Horse riders (riders bones)m probably from chronic muscle strain resulting in small hemorrhagic areas that undergo calcification and ossification

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3
Q

Do bones cause pain when injured

A

Yup
Have blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves, can even become diseased

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4
Q

Unused bones, such as in paralyzed limb?

A

Atrophy

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5
Q

Bone may be ___, which occurs in the mandible when teeth are extracted

A

Absorbed

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6
Q

When do bones hypertrophy

A

When they support increased weight for a long period

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7
Q

What is reduction of a fracture

A

Bringing bones together so they can heal

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8
Q

How do bones heal

A

Surrounding fibroblasts proliferate and secrete collagen, which forms a collar of callus to hold bones together
Bone remodeling occurs in the fracture area and the callus calcified
Eventually callus is resorted and replaced by bone
Several months later little evidence of break esp in young people

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9
Q

Why are fractures more common in kids

A

Combo of slender, growing bones and carefree activities

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10
Q

Green stick fracture

A

Kids
Incomplete breaks caused by bending of the bones

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11
Q

Do growing bones or adult bones heal faster

A

Growing

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12
Q

What causes osteoporosis

A

Aging, organic and inorganic components of bone both decrease cause a reduction in quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue , hence the bone becomes brittle, lose elasticity, and fracture easily

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13
Q

Bone scanning

A

Imaging method that is used to assess normal and dismissed bone mass

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14
Q

We may evaluate bone marrow to provide valuable information for evaluating hematological diseases. Where do we often sample

A

Sternal puncture!!
Sternum is just beneath skin and easily accessible

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15
Q

How do you do a sternal puncture

A

Wide bore needle is inserted through the thin cortical bone into the spongy bone and a sample of red bone marrow is aspirated with a syringe for laboratory examination

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16
Q

Why may someone get a bone marrow transplant

A

Leukemia

17
Q

Bone age is used as general index of growth. How do we determine it

A

Radiographs, usually of the hands
Can study ossification centers of bones

18
Q

Criteria or bone age

A
  1. Appearance of calcified material in ossification centers such as the siaphysis and or epiphysis of long bones
  2. Narrowing and disappearance of the radiolucent (dark) line represents that epiphyseal fusion has occurred : occurs at especific times for each plate
19
Q

Fusion of epiphysis with the diaphysis occurs 1-2 years earlier in _ than _

A

Girls than boys

20
Q

Determine bone age is good for what

A

In predicting adult height in early or late maturing adolescents
Skeletal remains

21
Q

Proliferation of cartilage at the metaphysics slows down during ___ and ___, but the degeneration of cartilage cells in the columns continues, producing a dense line of provisional calcification

A

Starvation
Illness

22
Q

These lines become bone with thickened trabeculae or ___ _ ___ __

A

Lines of arrested growth

23
Q

If you don’t have knowledge of bone growth and appearance you may mistake a displaced epiphyseal palate for a ___ and a separation of an epiphysis could be interpreted as a displaced piece of a ____ bone

A

Fracture
Fractured

24
Q

How can you tell he difference between bone fracture and epiphyses

A

Edges of the diaphysis and epiphysis are smoothly curved in the region of the epiphyseal plate . Bone fractured always leave a sharp , often uneven edge of bone

25
Q

What happens in injury of kid vs adult

A

Adult-fracture
Kid-displacement of an ephphysis

26
Q

What causes avascular necrosis

A

Loss of arterial supply to an epiphysis or other parts of a bone result in death of bone tissue

27
Q

After every fracture, small areas of adjacent bone undergo necrosis , sometimes can be large

A

Totallly

28
Q

What is osteochondroses

A

Number of clinical disorders of epiphyses in children result from avascular necrosis of unknown etiology (cause)