Bones Flashcards
Heterotopic bones
Sometimes form in soft tissues where they are not normally present
Who often gets heterotopic bones in their thighs
Horse riders (riders bones)m probably from chronic muscle strain resulting in small hemorrhagic areas that undergo calcification and ossification
Do bones cause pain when injured
Yup
Have blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves, can even become diseased
Unused bones, such as in paralyzed limb?
Atrophy
Bone may be ___, which occurs in the mandible when teeth are extracted
Absorbed
When do bones hypertrophy
When they support increased weight for a long period
What is reduction of a fracture
Bringing bones together so they can heal
How do bones heal
Surrounding fibroblasts proliferate and secrete collagen, which forms a collar of callus to hold bones together
Bone remodeling occurs in the fracture area and the callus calcified
Eventually callus is resorted and replaced by bone
Several months later little evidence of break esp in young people
Why are fractures more common in kids
Combo of slender, growing bones and carefree activities
Green stick fracture
Kids
Incomplete breaks caused by bending of the bones
Do growing bones or adult bones heal faster
Growing
What causes osteoporosis
Aging, organic and inorganic components of bone both decrease cause a reduction in quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue , hence the bone becomes brittle, lose elasticity, and fracture easily
Bone scanning
Imaging method that is used to assess normal and dismissed bone mass
We may evaluate bone marrow to provide valuable information for evaluating hematological diseases. Where do we often sample
Sternal puncture!!
Sternum is just beneath skin and easily accessible
How do you do a sternal puncture
Wide bore needle is inserted through the thin cortical bone into the spongy bone and a sample of red bone marrow is aspirated with a syringe for laboratory examination
Why may someone get a bone marrow transplant
Leukemia
Bone age is used as general index of growth. How do we determine it
Radiographs, usually of the hands
Can study ossification centers of bones
Criteria or bone age
- Appearance of calcified material in ossification centers such as the siaphysis and or epiphysis of long bones
- Narrowing and disappearance of the radiolucent (dark) line represents that epiphyseal fusion has occurred : occurs at especific times for each plate
Fusion of epiphysis with the diaphysis occurs 1-2 years earlier in _ than _
Girls than boys
Determine bone age is good for what
In predicting adult height in early or late maturing adolescents
Skeletal remains
Proliferation of cartilage at the metaphysics slows down during ___ and ___, but the degeneration of cartilage cells in the columns continues, producing a dense line of provisional calcification
Starvation
Illness
These lines become bone with thickened trabeculae or ___ _ ___ __
Lines of arrested growth
If you don’t have knowledge of bone growth and appearance you may mistake a displaced epiphyseal palate for a ___ and a separation of an epiphysis could be interpreted as a displaced piece of a ____ bone
Fracture
Fractured
How can you tell he difference between bone fracture and epiphyses
Edges of the diaphysis and epiphysis are smoothly curved in the region of the epiphyseal plate . Bone fractured always leave a sharp , often uneven edge of bone
What happens in injury of kid vs adult
Adult-fracture
Kid-displacement of an ephphysis
What causes avascular necrosis
Loss of arterial supply to an epiphysis or other parts of a bone result in death of bone tissue
After every fracture, small areas of adjacent bone undergo necrosis , sometimes can be large
Totallly
What is osteochondroses
Number of clinical disorders of epiphyses in children result from avascular necrosis of unknown etiology (cause)
