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Msk > Bone Tumours > Flashcards

Bone Tumours Flashcards

0
Q

What disease are osteomas associated with?

A

Gardner syndrome =

Familial adenomatous polyposis

Fibromatosis @ peritoneum = non-neoplastic proliferation of fibroblasts that destroys tissue

Osteoma of facial bones

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1
Q

Is in osteoma benign?

Where do you find osteomas?

A

Benign bone tumour

@Surface of facial bones

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2
Q

What is in osteoid osteoma

A

Benign tumour of osteoblasts

The tumour produces osteoid – >
get rim of sclerotic reactive bone around it

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3
Q

Epidemiology of osteoid osteoma?

A

Young adults <25 years

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4
Q

What type of bone does osteoid osteoma effect?

Where specifically on the bone does osteoid osteoma occur?

A

Long bone cortex

Diaphyses

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5
Q

What does osteoid osteoma bone pain resolved with?

A

Aspirin

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6
Q

How does osteoid osteoma present on imaging?

A

Radiolucent core = osteoid
+
Bony mass = osteoma

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7
Q

Give three differences between osteoblastoma and osteoid osteoma

A

Osteoblastoma:
>2 cm
@Vertebrae
Bone pain = not respond to aspirin

Osteoid osteoma:
<2 cm
@Cortex of deficits of long bones
Bone pain respond to aspirin

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8
Q

What is the most common benign bone tumour?

A

Osteochondroma

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9
Q

What is an osteochondroma

A

Benign bone tumour with overlying cartilage

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10
Q

Where does the osteochondroma arise from?

A

Arises from lateral projection of growth plate

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11
Q

What is the bone continuous with in osteochondroma?

A

Marrow space

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12
Q

What is an osteosarcoma

A

Malignant tumour of bone

specifically malignant proliferation of osteoblasts

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13
Q

Incidence of osteosarcoma

A

@Teens >elderly

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14
Q

What are the four risk factors for osteosarcoma

A

Familia retinoblastoma = hence @ teenagers

Radiation +
Pagett disease of bone

Li-Fraumeni syndrome – P 53 germline mutations

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15
Q

Explain how a patient with osteosarcoma would present

A

Pathologic fracture: tumour weaken bone – >fracture
+
Bone pain + swelling

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16
Q

Explain where on the body does osteosarcoma usually occur?

A

Distal femur + proximal tibia = KNEE

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17
Q

What does x-ray reveal for osteosarcoma

A

Osteoma grows+expands bone= codman triangle –>

drag periosteoma of bone into adjacent software – >

sunburst appearance

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18
Q

What comprises a giant cell tumour?

A

Multinucleated giant cells
+
Stromal cells

19
Q

Where does it giant cell tumour occur on the bone?

A

Epiphysis of long bones – the only epiphyseal tumour

Knee = distal femur/proximal tibia

20
Q

What does x-ray reveal for giant cell tumour

A

Soap bubble

Tumour – > reactive bone in response to tumour – > soap bubbles @ epiphysis

21
Q

What does biopsy of osteosarcoma reveal?

A

Pleomorphic cells that make osteoid

22
Q

Where exactly on the bone does Ewings sarcoma okay?

What type of bone? Who does it affect?

A

At diathesis inside medullary cavity

Long bones

Male kids < 15 years

23
Q

What is Ewing sarcoma

A

Malignant proliferation of poorly differentiated cells derived from neuroectoderm

24
Q

Explain how Ewing sarcoma grows?

A

Grow inside medullary cavity – >
Push on bone surface – >
layering of new bone by periosteum= Onionskin appearance @ x-ray

25
Q

What would biopsy and histology reveals for Ewing sarcoma

A

Small round blue ANAplastic cells

26
Q

At histology what can Ewing sarcoma be confused with

A

Lymphoma + chronic osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis also presents with fever and bone swelling so can be confused with Ewing sarcoma too

27
Q

How do you distinguish lymphoma +osteomyelitis from Ewing sarcoma

A

11:22 translocation causing

fusion protein EWS – FLI 1

28
Q

How aggressive it is Ewing sarcoma?

How do you treat it?

A

Chemo

29
Q

Two types of cartilage tumours?

Where do they arise in the bone?

A

Chondroma – benign = @small bones of hands + feet

Chondrosarcoma – malignant =
@Centrally occurring – pelvis + central skeleton

in the medulla

30
Q

Which bone tumours are more common metastatic or primary?

A

Metastatic > primary

31
Q

How do metastatic bone tumours present?

A

Osteolytic/punched out lesions of the bone

32
Q

Give an exception for a metastatic tumour related to bone that isn’t punched out?

A

Prostate cancer – osteoblastic lesion

No punched out circular space

Activation of osteoblast – >

lays down bone next to -> get sclerosis

33
Q

What is a Lipoma?

A

Benign tumour of adipose tissue

34
Q

What is the most common benign soft tumour tissue in adults

A

Lipoma

35
Q

At histology we see LIPOblasts. what is the diagnosis?

A

Liposarcomas – malignant tumour of adipose tissue

36
Q

What is the most common malignant soft tissue tumour in adults

A

Liposarcomas

37
Q

What is the rhabdomyoma?

What is the cardiac rhabdomyoma associated with?

A

Benign tumour of skeletal muscle

Associated with tuberous sclerosis and St heart and tongue

38
Q

What is the most common malignant soft tumour @kids

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma - malignant tumour of skeletal muscle

39
Q

What is the characteristic cell for rhabdomyosarcoma

A

The rhabdomyoblast = desmin positive

40
Q

Where does rhabdomyosarcoma okay?

A

@Head + neck

@ a young girl – five years = vagina

41
Q

A young girl presents with a grape-like mass protruding from the vagina. Biopsy = rhabdomyoblast is Desmin positive with striation within the cells.

A

sarcoma praeities – Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma

42
Q

What is the fibrosarcoma and where is it

A

Arise after irradiation

Thigh upper limb

43
Q

What is a dermatofibromas

A

But 99 in capsulated proliferation of spindle cells confined to dermis

Read nodule that umbilicate (i.e. has a central dimple) when squeezed

44
Q

What is a malignant fibrous histiocytoma and where is it

A

Radiation therapy + scarring

Retroperitoneum thigh

45
Q

What is a leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma where does it occur

A

Uterus + GI tract for both

46
Q

What is a synovial sarcoma and where does it occur

A

Doesn’t arise from Synovial cells in joints
Arise from mesenchymal cells around joints

Has biphasic pattern: epithelial cells forming glands + intervening spindle cells

Msk (10 decks)

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