Bone Tissue & the Skeletal System Flashcards
hard, dense connective tissue that forms most of the adult skeleton
Bone
a semi-rigid form of connective tissue
Cartilage
5 Functions of the skeletal system
supports the body facilitates movement protects internal organs produces blood cells stores and releases minerals and fat
Bones and Cartilage
Skeletal System
type of bone marrow that contains adipose tissue; the triglycerides stored in the adipocytes of the tissue can serve as a source of energy.
Yellow Marrow
type of bone marrow where hematopoiesis—the production of blood cells (including red, white, and platelets)—takes place
Red Marrow
3 Types of Bone Markings
1) Articulations 2) Projections 3) Holes
4 Types of Bone Cells
Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteogenic cells, and Osteoclasts
Bone cells that maintain tissue. Specifically, the excrete hormones to maintain mineral concentrations. They are formed from osteoblasts. They are also the most common bone cell.
Osteocyte (cyto=hollow container=maintains tissue)
Bone cells responsible for forming new bone. They do not divide. They also excrete collagen and calcium.
Osteoblast (blast off; growth)
Bone cells that are stem cells. They are the only cells that divide. They differentiate into osteoblasts.
Osteogenic cell (gene=genetics=fundamental)
Bone cells that are responsible for bone breakdown; the “recyclers”
Osteoclast
Two modes of ossification (bone development)
intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification
The unmineralized, organic portion of the bone matrix that forms prior to the maturation of bone tissue
Osteoid
membrane that covers the cartilage; appears during endochronal ossification
Perichondrium
Bone develops from connective tissue
Intramembranous Ossification
Bone replaces cartilage
Endochondral Ossification
Cell that produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix
Chondrocytes
osteoblast and osteoclast activity occur sequentially in a coupled manner on a given bone surface, which causes bones to increase in diameter
Bone modeling
Main reason exercise is good for bones
Stimulates the deposition of mineral salts and collagen fibers. This increases bone density
