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ANAPHY > Bone Tissue > Flashcards

Bone Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Blood cell production, which occurs in red bone marrow after birth

A

Hemopoiesis

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2
Q

The building of new bone tissue and breaking down of old bone tissue

A

Bone remodeling

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3
Q

Consist of developing blood cells, adipocytes, finroblasts, and macrophages within a network of reticular finers.
Present in developing bones of the fetus and in some adult bones such as hip bones, skull, etc.

A

Red bone marrow

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4
Q

Consist mainly of adipose cells which store triglycerides.

A

Yellow bone marrow

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5
Q

A potential chemical energy reserve.

The body’s most higly concentrated source of chemical potential energy.

A

Triglyceride

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6
Q

Number of bones in the adult skeleton

A

206

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7
Q

Two basic types of bone tissue

A

Compact Bone Tissue

Spongy Bone Tissue

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8
Q

The strongest form of bone tissue.
Found beneath the periosteum of all bomes and makes up the bulk of the diaphyses of long bones.
Provides protection and support and resists the stresses produced by weight & mov’t.
Homogenous

A

Compact bone tissue

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9
Q

Trabelcular or cancellous bone tissue, does not contain osteons.
Always located in the interior of a bone, protected by a covering of compact bone.
Many open spaces
Smallneedle like pieces of bone

A

Spongy bone tissue

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10
Q

These bones are typically longer than wide.
Have a shaft with heads at both ends.
Contain mostly compact bone

A

Long bones

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11
Q

Examples of Long bones

A 
Femur
Tibia
Fibula
Humerous
Ulna and radius
Phalanges
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12
Q

Generally cube shaped

Contain most of spongy bone

A

Short bones

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13
Q

Example of short bones

A

Carpal

Tarsal

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14
Q

Generally thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone tisse enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue.

A

Flat bones

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15
Q

Examples of Flst bones

A

C ranial bones
Sternum (breadt bone)
Ribs
Scapulae (shoulder blades)

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16
Q

Have complex shapes and cannot be grouped into any.

A

Irregular bones

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17
Q

Examples of Irregular bones

A

Vertebrae
Hip bones
Facial bones
Calcaneus

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18
Q

Develop in certain tendons where there is considerable friction, tension, and physical stress, such as palms and soles.

A

Sesamoid bones

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19
Q

Are small bones located in sutures (joints) between certain cranial bone.

A

Sutural Bones

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20
Q

The bone’s shaft or body

The long, cylindrical, main portion of the bone

A

Diaphysis

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21
Q

The proximal and distal ends of the bone.

A

Epiphyses

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22
Q

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the part of the epiphysis where the bone forms an articulation (joint) with another bone.
Reduces friction and absorbs shock at freely movable joints

A

Articular cartilage

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23
Q

A tough connective tissue sheath and its associated clood supply that sorrounds the bone surface wherever it us nit covered by articulat cartilage
Outside covering of diaphysis
Finbrous connective membrane

A

Periosteum

24
Q

Thick bundles of collagen that extend from the periosteum into the bone extracellular matrix to attach the periosteum to the underlying bone

A

Peroforating fibers

Sharpey’s fibers

25
Q

Supply bone cells with nutrients

A

Arteries

26
Q

A thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity.

Contains a single layer of bone-forming cells and a small amount of connective tissue.

A

Endosteum

27
Q

Cavity of the shaft
Contains yellow marrow in adults
Contains red marrow

A

Medullary Cavity

28
Q

Four types of Bone cells

A

Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Ostwoclasts

29
Q

Are unspecialized bone stem cells derived from mesenchyme, the tissue from which almost all connective tissues are formed.

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

30
Q

Are bone-building cells that secrete matrix

A

Osteoblasts

31
Q

Mature bone cells

Main cells in bone tissue and maintain its daily metabolism such as the rxchange of nutrients and wastes with the blood.

A

Osteocytes

32
Q

Are huge cells that remodel bones and cause them to release calcium

A

Osteoclasts

33
Q

A small hollow space , such as that found in the syncytiotrophoblast

A

Lacunae

34
Q

Small channels or canals as in bones, where they connect lacunae.

A

Canaliculi

35
Q

Small arteries accompanied by nerves
Enter the diaphysis through many interosteonic (Volkmann’s or perforating) canals and supply the peristeum amd outer part of the conpact bone.

A

Periosteal Arteries

36
Q

A ———- passes through a hole in compact bone called the ————.
——— exit the same canal

A

Nutrient artery
Nutrient Foramen
Nutrient Vein

37
Q

Process of bone formation

A

Ossification (Osteogenesis)

38
Q

Occurs in flat bone when a connective tissue membrane is replaced by bone

A

Intramembranous ossification

39
Q

The replacement of cartilage by bone in the developing embryo and fetus
Also occurs in epiphyseal plates of long bones as they grow in length

A

Endochondral Ossification

40
Q

Where bone forms directly

A

Mesenchyme

41
Q

The ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue.

A

Bone Remodeling

42
Q

The removal of minerals and collagen fibers from bone by osteoclasts.
Results in the destruction of bone extracellular matrix.

A

Bone resorption

43
Q

The addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone by osteoblasts.
Results in the formation of bone extracellular matix.

A

Bone Desposition

44
Q

Any break in a bone

A

Fracture

45
Q

A series of microscopic fissures in bone that forms without any evidence of injury to other tissues

A

Stress fracture

46
Q

Phases of bone bine fracture repair

A
  1. Reactive Phase
  2. Reparative phase
  3. Bone remodelling phase
47
Q

An early inflammatory phase.

Blood vessels crossing the fracture line are broken.

A

Reactive Phase

48
Q

Includes formation of fibrocartilaginous callus (1st)

Bony callus formation (2nd)

A

Reparative phase

49
Q

The final phase of fracture repair where there is renodeling if the callus.

A

Bone remodeling phase

50
Q

The broken ends of the bone protrude through the skin.

A

Open (Compound) Fracture

51
Q

The bone is splintere, crushed, or broken into pieces at the site of impact, and smaller bone fragments lie between the two main fragments

A

Comminuted fracture

52
Q

A partial fracturw in which one side of the bone is broken and the other side bends.

A

Greenstick fracture

53
Q

One end of the fractured bone is forcedully driven into the interior of the other

A

Impacted Fracture

54
Q

Fracture of the distal end of the lateral leg bone, with serious injury of the distal tibial articulation

A

Pott fracture

55
Q

Fracture of the distal end of the lateral forearm bone in which the distal fragment is displaced posteriorly.

A

Colles fracture

56
Q

Percentage of body calcium

A

99 %

57
Q

The parathyroid hormone secretes ——- when calcium levels drop

A

PTH Parathyroid Hormone

ANAPHY (4 decks)

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