bone & tissue

Question 1

(a) What is articular cartilage and (b) what are its functions?

Answer 1

(a) a thin layer of hyaline cartilage
(b) reduces friction + act as a shock absorber

Question 2

(a) What is the periosteum,
(b) where is it, and (c) what are its functions?

Answer 2

(a) the outer double layered structure on bones
(b) over the entire bone except where the epiphyses meet other bones/joints
(c) the endosteum (inner part) causes bone to grow, repair, and remodel + it contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

Question 3

(a) Where is the medullary cavity, (b) the what does it contain, and (c) what is the function of it?

Answer 3

(a) inside of the diaphysis
(b) is filled with yellow bone marrow [in adults]
(c) yellow bone marrow (connective) stores fat

Question 4

(a) Where is red bone marrow and (b) what is its function?

Answer 4

(a) connective tissue in the spaces between spongy bone (in the epiphyses)
(b) where hematopoiesis (blood cell formation) takes place

Question 5

(a) What are the epiphyses and (b) what do they contain?

Answer 5

(a) wider section at each end of a bone
(b) filled internally with spongy bone

Question 6

(a) What is the diaphysis and (b) what are its outer walls made of?

Answer 6

(a) the hollow tubular shaft between the proximal and distal ends of the bone
(b) compact bone

Question 7

(a) What are both compact (cortical) and spongy bone made of and (b) what are their respective units called?

Answer 7

(a) majority protein and collagen + minerals and calcium
(b) osteons (tree rings) and trabeculae (spikes)

Question 8

(a) What is the function of the composition of spongy bone and (b) how does it meet compact (cortical) bone?

Answer 8

(a) to make our bones lighter while directing force out to compact bone
(b) transitions from compact to spongey from the outside in

Question 9

(a) What shape is a long bone and (b) what is its composition?

Answer 9

(a) a shaft and two ends, longer than it is wide
(b) thick outside layer in which ends contain spongy bone/red bone marrow and inner cavity contains yellow bone marrow

Question 10

(a) What shape is a short bone and (b) what is its composition?

Answer 10

(a) roughly a cube
(b) thin outer layer of compact bine, mostly spongy bone

Question 11

What is the composition of flat bone?

Answer 11

a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone that contains red bone marrow

Question 12

What is the composition of irregular bone?

Answer 12

thin layers of spongy bone surrounded by compact bone (does not fit any previous bone descriptions)

Question 13

What are the four types of bone?

Answer 13

Long, short, flat, and irregular