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Movement > Bone structure and function Part 2 > Flashcards

Bone structure and function Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of bone cell

A

osteoblasts
osteoclasts
osteocytes
osteoprogenitor cells

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2
Q

What do osteoblasts do?

A

Lays down bone matrix

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3
Q
  1. What do osteoclasts do?
A

resorb bone

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4
Q

What do osteocytes do?

A

maintains matrix

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5
Q
  1. What do osteoprogenitor cells do?
A

give rise to osteoblasts involved in remodelling

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6
Q

What lineage do osteoclasts come from?

A

monocyte/macrophage lineage

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7
Q

Give 2 specific ways that osteoblasts perform their function

A
  • Secretes organic bone matrix AKA osteoid
  • Mediates mineralisation of osteoid
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8
Q

what is mineralisation of osteoid?

A

deposition of inorganic salts into the osteoid

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9
Q

What shape are osteoblasts?

A

Cuboidal shape

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10
Q
  1. Give 2 things that osteoblasts secrete
A
  • collagen
  • matrix vesicles
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11
Q
  1. what do the matrix vesicles secreted by osteoblasts contain
A
  • Alkaline phosphatase and other enzymes and proteins that control the availability of calcium and phosphate
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12
Q
  1. What happens when the levels of calcium and phosphate levels increase to a sufficient level?
A

hydroxyapatite crystals are precipitated

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13
Q
  1. What are gap junctions?
A

Long cytoplasmic processes connecting to osteocytes to other osteocytes and osteoblasts

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14
Q
  1. What are osteocytes surrounded by?
A

surrounded by mineralised matrix

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15
Q
  1. Where do osteocytes sit in?
A

They sit in Lacunae

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16
Q
  1. How do osteocytes receive nutrients?
A

Extracellular bone fluid surrounding lacunae that allows nutrient diffusion through the bony channels

17
Q
  1. What is the name of the bone channels in bone
A

canaliculi

18
Q
  1. What is stress information in osteocytes?
A

when osteocytes respond to tiny currents generated when bone is deformed

19
Q
  1. What do osteocytes mediate in terms of calcium?
A

Mediates short term release of calcium from bone

20
Q
  1. What is a histological feature of osteoclasts?
A

They are Multinucleate

21
Q
  1. What do osteoclasts attach to, what does it do and what does this leave behind?
A

attaches to bone surface, resorbing bone which leaves a pit behind

22
Q
  1. What is the name for the pit left behind by osteoclasts?
A

Howships lacuna

23
Q
  1. What do osteoclasts work with osteoblasts for to do?
A

Work with osteoblast to regulate bone turnover and remodelling

24
Q
  1. Name 2 features of osteoclasts found on its surface
A
  • Actin clear zone
  • Ruffled border
25
Q
  1. What does the ratio of RANKL to osteoprotegrin determine?
A

determines bone resorption

26
Q

explain bone Mineralisation

A
  1. Osteoblasts secrete collagen and matrix vesicles
  2. Matrix vesicles contain enzymes and proteins to control availability of calcium and phosphate
  3. Needs to increase to a level where hydroxyapatite is precipitated

Movement (25 decks)

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