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MSK/Rheum > Bone/Soft tissue Pathology > Flashcards

Bone/Soft tissue Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

scurvy results from

A

vitamin C deficiency

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2
Q

impaired collagen formation leads to

A

poor vessel support, bleeding tendency
inadequate synthesis of osteoid
impaired wound healing

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3
Q

measure of bone turnover (serum marker)

A

osteocalcin

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4
Q

osteoprotegrin does what

A

blocks RANK

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5
Q

how long does bone mineralization take

A

12-15 days

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6
Q

lamellar bone

A

mature, orderly arrangement of collagen and osteoid

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7
Q

woven bone

A

immature, disorderly

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8
Q

cortical bone

A

on the outside

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9
Q

medullary bone

A

on the inside, softer

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10
Q

compact bone

A

mostly found in the cortical bone. Or flat bones

circumferential lamellae with haversian. No spaces

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11
Q

cancellous (trabecular) bone

A

is in the medullary locations.
medullary bone
hematopoeisis
w/ lamellae in between (spicules)

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12
Q

diseases impacting synovium

A

CVD, Lupus, RA, Lymes disease

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13
Q

dysplasias

A

abnormalities of bone and cartilage organogenesis
Achondroplasia
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Osteopetrosis

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14
Q

dysostoses

A

congenital absence of bone, inappropriately fused bone, supernumerary bone

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15
Q

Activating mutation of FGFR3 receptor of the growth plate:

A

inhibits cartilage proliferation and decreased endochondral ossification.
achondroplasia

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16
Q

with rhizomelic shortening of the arms and legs

A

achondroplasia

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17
Q

midface hypoplasia results in

A

causes dental crowding, obstructive apnea, and otitis media

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18
Q

why do 3-7% of achondroplasia patients die within first year of life

A

because of brainstem compression (central apnea) or obstructive apnea

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19
Q

comorbidities with achondroplasia

A
  • restrictive pulmonary disease with infection and cor pulmonale
  • spinal stenosis
  • ear infections
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20
Q

sudden death in achondroplasia caused by

A

brainstem compression

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21
Q

Lack of normal maturation and columnation and the presence of a bony end-plate in the metaphysis

A

achondroplasia

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22
Q

Abnormality in collagen type genes.

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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23
Q

Within all OI, the fundamental abnormality is

A

too little bone

24
Q

OI type I

A

Hearing loss (ossicles), Dental imperfections (abnormal dentin).

25
Q

type II OI

A

usually lethal in utero or within days after birth. Excessive bone fragility with multiple bone fractures while the fetus is in the uterus. Blue sclerae.

26
Q

type III OI

A

Severe clinical form in children surviving the perinatal period. Multiple fractures, progressive deformities. The sclerae are normal.

27
Q

type IV OI

A

Compatible with survival. Short stature, moderate skeletal fragility.

28
Q

which types of OI are most compatible with life

A

I, IV

29
Q

Blue sclerae, dental abnormalities

A

OI

30
Q

Brown, short teeth result from

A

failure in the formation of dentin(dentinogenesis imperfecta)

31
Q

osteoclast deficiency/abnormality resulting in

A

osteosclerosis

32
Q

There is failure to resorb calcified cartilage in the growth plate.

A

osteopetrosis

33
Q

vitamin D deficiency

A

rickets/osteomalacia

34
Q

excess of unmineralized bone matrix

A

rickets/osteomalacia

35
Q

Overgrowth of growthplate at costochondral junction

A

rickets

36
Q

Rachitic rosary due to

A

pull on costochondral cartilage –also due to the pull of the respirtaory muscles with bending of the ribs inward resulting in pidgeon breast deformity

37
Q

osteomalacia findings

A

Prominent unmineralized osteoid in bone, weak bone, vulnerable to fractures (mostly vertebrae and femoral neck).

38
Q

are there similar skeletal deformities in osteomalacia?

A

no. bone is already formed

39
Q

differentiating osteomalacia from osteopetrosis

A

osteomalacia: decreased mineralized bone, same hyper cartilage

40
Q

lucent lines (pseudo fractures)

A

osteomalacia

41
Q

When mechanical stress is placed upon bone, osteoprogenitor cells produce WNT proteins that bind to receptors on osteoblasts, increasing β-catenin. As a result, what protein is most likely to diminish osteoclast activity and increase bone formation?

A

osteoprotegerin

can bind RANK ligand to reduce its binding to RANK and reduce the nuclear factor kappa B transcription factor and diminish osteoclast activity.

42
Q

cranial nerve involvement

A

osteopetrosis

43
Q

multiple osteomas associated with

A

Gardner’s syndrome

44
Q

metastatic bone lesions favor

sites

A

axial skeleton, proximal long bones

45
Q

prostatic mets are (lytic or blastic)

A

blastic- denser

46
Q

thyroid mets are (lytic or blastic)

A

lytic- much looser

47
Q

gardner’s syndrome findings

A

osteomas, epidermal cysts, fibromatoses and

colonic adenomatous polyposis

48
Q

sharp, nocturnal pain relieved by aspirin

A

osteoid osteoma

49
Q

duller pain not relieved by aspirin

A

osteoblastoma

50
Q

which is larger- osteoid osteoma or osteoblastoma

A

osteoblastoma > 2 cm

51
Q

enchondromatosis

A

more likely to undergo malignant transformation

52
Q

maffuccis’s

A

chondromas associated with angiomas

53
Q

malignancies associated with maffucci’s

A

ovary and brain malignancies

54
Q

genetic syndromes associated with soft tissue tumors

A

NF1, FAP

55
Q

HHV-8 associated with

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

56
Q

Gardner’s syndrome

A

Fibromatosis of the mesentery
Adenomas and Colon cancer
Osteomas of bone
Mutation in APC gene on chromosome 5

57
Q

polyostotic FD+ endocrinopathy (precocious puberty) and skin pigmentation

A

Albright- McCune syndrome

MSK/Rheum (5 decks)

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