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Pathology II (AH) > Bone Pathology - some taken from Linde's deck (AH) > Flashcards

Bone Pathology - some taken from Linde's deck (AH) Flashcards

1
Q

Other names for Osteopetrosis

A

aka: Metaphyseal dyslasia, Marble bone dz.

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2
Q

Spp. associated with Osteopetrosis?

A

Angus cattle = inherited

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3
Q

Pathology of Osteopetrosis?

A

Failure of osteoclasts to resorb the primary spongiosa –> accumulation of bondy spicules in marrow spaces.

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4
Q

What can Osteopetrosis lead to?

A

Aplastic anemia

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5
Q

Other name for Congenital Cortical Hyperostosis?

A

Diaphyseal dysplasia

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6
Q

Spp. associated with Congenital Cortical Hyperostosis?

A

Inherited in pigs

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7
Q

Patho of Congenital Cortical Hyperostosis?

A

Perioteal bone formation on long bones. Deposition on radiating trebeculae –> increase in diameter.

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8
Q

What other condition is associated with Congenital Cortical Hyperostosis?

A

Edema due to blockage of lymph

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9
Q

Other names for Craniomandiblar Osteopathy?

A

Scottie jaw, lion jaw, westie jaw.

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10
Q

Spp. associated with CMO?

A

inheritied in west highland white terriers = dogs

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11
Q

Path of CMO?

A

Abnormal periosteal bone formation, irregular resportion –> irregular thickening of mandible/occipital/temporal bones. Tympanic bullae often severely affected. Less so in the limbs. Appears at 4-7 mo. Can regress, self limiting.

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12
Q

Where is the primary lesion of Chondrodystrophy?

A

1* lesion in growth cartilage.

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13
Q

Where else can lesions of Chondrodystrophy be found?

A

Physis (epi/meta). Articular epiphyseal complex. Epiphyseal cartilage.

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14
Q

What spp. is associated with disproportionate dwarfism resulting from Chondrodystrophy?

A

Calves - get short legs with normal head.

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15
Q

Types of Disproportionate Dwarfism?

A

Deter type (bulldog claves) Telemark type. Short headed type.

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16
Q

What are the lesions of Telemark type Disproportionate Dwarfism?

A

Bracygnathia, cleft palate, protruding tongue, short neck.

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17
Q

Are the lesions associated with Osteiochondrosis focal or multifocal?

A

focal and or multifocal . Both can be observed.

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18
Q

Path of Osteochondrosis?

A

Failure / delay of endochondral ossification = cartilage retention –> increase in cartilage.

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19
Q

Etiology of Osteochondrosis?

A

secondary to anything that decreases vascular flow to cartilage (infarct). Idiopathic. Increase in Zn –> decrease in Ca. Increased calcium.

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20
Q

Lesions of Osteochondrosis?

A

dyplasia, wedge shaped, necrosis, hemorrhage, mineral debris.

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21
Q

Are lesions of Osteocondritis dessecans (OCD) focal or multifocal?

A

Non Focal. Multifocal dysplasia only.

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22
Q

Path of Osteochondritis Dessecans?

A

Dysplasia at the AE complex –> fracture of articular cartilage –> cartilage/ osteochondral flap –> breaks off –> “mouse joint”

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23
Q

What is cervical verterbral myelopathy (CVM) also known as?

A

Wobbler syndrome

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24
Q

What is cervical verterbral myelopathy (CVM) secondary to?

A

Compression/ irritation of the spinal chord.

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25
Q

2 types of spinal chord compression?

A

Static or Dynamic (both lead to CVM)

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26
Q

What animals are affected by static compression?

A

Horses 1-4yrs = Cervical static stenosis. Dogs = ccervical spondylomyelopathies.

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27
Q

Where do horses get static compression? What does this cause?

A

C5-7. Hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum

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28
Q

What animals get Dynamic compression?

A

Horses 8-18mo = cervical vertebral instability

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29
Q

Where do horses get Dynamic compression?

A

C3-5

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30
Q

With what is Dynamic compression associated?

A

Rapid growth. Genetic

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31
Q

what is another name for Hemivertebrae?

A

Butterfly vertebrae

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32
Q

Path of Hemivertebrae?

A

partial development of vertebrae –> compression of spinal chord.

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33
Q

In what spp. is Hemivertebrae desired?

A

Bulldogs, Pugs, Boston Terriers.

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34
Q

Etiology of Growth Arrest Lines?

A

Viral (BVD, Canine distemper) Lead Toxicit (lead line)

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35
Q

Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis?

A

Atrophy → Increased resorption or decreased formation

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36
Q

Causes of Osteoporosis?

A
  • Low Ca → high PTH
  • Low Cu
  • High Vit A.
  • Adriamycin
  • Fluoride
  • Glucocorticoids
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37
Q

3 Lesions of Osteoporosis?

A

Cortical bone → decreased thickness, high porosity Trabecular bone → decreased thickness Medullary cavity → ENLARGED

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38
Q

Pathogenesis of Rickets (Rachitic Rosary)

A
  • Young animals
  • failure of mineralization of endochondrial ossification
  • Excess osteoid @ epiphysis
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39
Q

3 Causes of Rickets?

A

Low Vit D

  • Low P
  • Low Ca
40
Q

Pathogenesis of Osteomalacia?

A
  • MATURE
  • softening of bones after growth plate closure
  • failure of mineralization
41
Q

3 Causes of Osteomalacia?

A

Low Vit D → low Ca & P → high intestinal P absorption → lower Ca Chronic Renal dz → low calcitriol Chronic Fluorosis </ul

42
Q

3 Lesions of Osteomalacia?

A
  • Soft bones → limb deformities
  • FX
  • Excess UNmineralized osteoid → resistant to osteoclasts
43
Q

Fibrous Osteodystrophy is a form of _______.

A

Osteopenia

44
Q

Other names for Fibrous Osteodystrophy?

A
  • Recklinghausen’s Dz
  • Renal Rickets
  • Big Head
  • Bran Dz
  • Rubber jaw
  • Osteogenesis imperfecta
45
Q

Pathogenesis of Fibrous Osteodystrophy?

A

abnormal bone quality → excess resorption “osteoclasts” w/ 2o fibrosis
* Disruptions in Ca:P homeostasis

46
Q

Causes of Fibrous Osteodystrophy (Osteopenia)?

A

2° Hyperparathyroidism (most common) Nutrional → ingestion of high oxalate plants, HIGH P diets, or LOW Vit D3 diets Renal →

47
Q

Pathogenesis of Vit A. Deficiency?

A

bone is laid down when resorption should be taking place

48
Q

3 lesions of Vit. A Deficiency?

A
  • Small brain case
  • Increased ICP
  • Blindness
49
Q

Pathogenesis of Hypertrophic Osteodystrophy (HOD)?

A
  • METAPHYSEAL osteopathy
  • Bilateral, Symmetrical Physitis→ metaphysis
  • Young, growing large/giant breed DOGS
50
Q

Causes of HOD?

A

HIGH Ca2+ & Vit. D.

  • LOW Vit C.
  • Spontaneous
51
Q

Pathogenesis of Hypertrophic (Pulmonary) Osteopathy (HOP/HPO

A
  • Incr. blood flow → Incr. arterial pressure & pulmonary lesions → periosteal exostosis
  • Exostosis → DYAPHYSEAL region of DISTAL limbs
  • Bilateral, symmetrical
  • New bone formation
52
Q

Causes of HOP/HPO

A
  • Rhabdomyosarcomas of Urinary Bladder → Dogs

* Ovarian Neoplasms → Horses

53
Q

CS of Acute

A
  • GI signs

* CNS signs

54
Q

2 CS of Chronic Osteofluorosis?

A
  • Dental abnormalities

* Osteodystrophy

55
Q

Pathogenesis of Osteofluorosis?

A

F- BINDS Ca2+ → Ricket-like lesions F- REPLACES hydroxl radical in Hydroxyapatite → abnormal osteoid F- ACCUMULATES in

56
Q

Pathogenesis of Vit. A Toxicity?

A

Excess Vit. A from liver consumption→ Decreased osteoblasts

  • decreased chondrocyte proliferation
  • decreased # of osteoblasts
  • SPONDYLOSIS from periarticular osteophyets
57
Q

Lesions of Vit. A Toxicosis?

A
  • destruction of growth plates & cartilage
  • Osteoporosis
  • Ankylosing Cervical Spondylosis
58
Q

Excesses of which 2 vitamins cause an INCREASED activity of

A

Vit. AVit. D

59
Q

Pathogenesis of Vit. D. Toxicosis?

A

Acute massive Vit. D exposure excessive intestinal Ca2+ absorption→ widespread mineralizationChronic Vit. D exposure Per

60
Q

What affect does Calcitonin have on osteoclasts?

A

SUPPRESSES osteoclasts

61
Q

Pathogenesis of Lead Posioning?

A

DECREASED OSTEOCLASTS → decr. trabecular remodeling →retention of primary trabeculae (spicules)

62
Q

Histologic Lesion of Lead Posioning?

A

Acid-fast inclusion bodies → osteoclasts & renal epithelial cells

63
Q

Lesions of Necrosis (Osteosis)?

A

Gross

  • soft, discolored bonesHisto.
  • Empty lacunae
  • resorption occuring
64
Q

Sequelea of Osteosis?

A

Resportion → inflammation → Exostosis or scar No resorpotion → Sequestrum or involucrum

65
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes Dz refers to what?

A

ASEPTIC necrosis of the femoral head

66
Q

Pathogenesis of Ischemic Necrosis

A
  • decreased VENOUS outflow from bone
  • increased BM pressure
  • Empty lacunae
67
Q

3 Routes of Infection for Osteitis/Osteomyelitis?

A
  • Hematogenous → omphalophlebitis, swine spondylitis
  • Local Extension
  • Penetration
68
Q

Term for Destruction Inflammation of Bone?

A

Osteolytic

69
Q

Term for Productive Inflammation of Bone?

A

Sclerotic

70
Q

Causes of Osteitis/Osteomyelitis in order of prevalance?

A

BacT > mycotic > viral > parasitic

71
Q

Osteitis is inflammation of _______.

A

Bone

72
Q

Osteomyelitis is inflammation of _______ & _____ _______.

A
  • bone

* medullary cavity

73
Q

Spondylitis is inflammation of the _____ ______.

A

Vertebral body

74
Q

3 List the causes of Suppurative Inflammation?

A

Brucella → Swine spondylitis A. pyogens → vertebral abscesses R. equi → foals

75
Q

2 Causes of Granulomatous Inflammation?

A

A. bovis → lumpy jaw, mandibular osteomyelitis

* Mycotic

76
Q

3 Lesions of Osteomyelitis?

A
  • Purulent exudate → medullary cavity
  • Thrombosis/infarct
  • Bone resorption
77
Q

Sequelae of Osteomyelitis?(LOTS)

A
  • Exudate
  • Extension to adjacent bone
  • Hematogenous spread
  • Pathological FX
  • Sequestration
  • Fistulae
  • Vertebral osteomyelitis
  • Lysis of articular cartilage
78
Q

Most common primary neoplasm of bone in Dogs & Cats?

A

OsteosarcomaAKAOsteogenic sarcoma

79
Q

Where is the common site for Osteosarcoma to occur?

A

Metaphysis

80
Q

3 Classifications of Osteosarcoma & location affected?

A

Simple → bone Compound → bone & cartilage Pleomorphic → anaplastic w/ only small islands of osteoid

81
Q

Classification of Osteosarcoma?

A
  • Cell type & activity
  • Radiographic appearance
  • Origin
82
Q

Lesions of Osteosarcoma?

A
  • Grey-white masses → hemorrhage & necrosis
  • Reactive bone
  • Pleomorphism
  • Agressive w/ Pulmonary metastasis
83
Q

8 responses of Joints to injury?

A
  • Fibrillation
  • Eburnation
  • Joint mice
  • Osteophytosis
  • Villous hyperplasia of synovial membrane
  • Pannus
  • Capsular fibrosis
  • Ankylosis
84
Q

5 responses of Bone to Injury?

A
  • Disruption of endochondrial ossification
  • Bone modeling
  • Altered mass
  • Rapidily deposited bone
  • Injured periosteum
85
Q

What DZ is associated with pink teeth & disorganization of d

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

86
Q

Term for Chondrodysplasia in Suffolk/Hampshire lambs?

A

“Spider lamb”

87
Q

Pathogenesis of Osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD/OD)?

A

DYSPLASIA @ AE complex → weak, retained cartilage → FX →cartilaginous or osteochondral flap

88
Q

Lesions of OCD?

A
  • Joint mouse/mice

* Interference w/ joint movement

89
Q

Sequelae of OCD?

A
  • DJD
  • Ulcercation/exopsure of subchondrial bone
  • Lameness
90
Q

Common locations of OCD (by animal)?

A

Dog → humeral head Horse → ant. aspect of intermediate ridge of distal tibia Pigs → distal humerus

91
Q

What is the only form of Osteochondrosis that Cats get?

A

Epiphysiolysis

92
Q

Which animal can get Osteoporosis during lactation?

A

Gilts(young pigs)

93
Q

Osteoporosis is abnormal ______ of normal bone.

A

QUANTITY

94
Q

Rickets is due to abnormal ______ of bone.

A

QUALITY

95
Q

Dogs & Cats get Fibrous Osteodystrophy most commonly due to

A

Renal dz.

96
Q

Which 3 animals get Fibrous Osteodystrophy from improper nut

A
  • Horses
  • Reptiles
  • Captive primates
97
Q

Tell me about K9 Eosinophilic Panosteosteitis!

A
  • young Male GSD

*

Pathology II (AH) (4 decks)

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