Bone pathology Flashcards
What is the big difference between hyper, meta, and dysplasia compared to neoplasia?
They are results of a stimulus and so are reversible. Neoplasia isnt
What purposes does bone serve?
Mechanical support, transmission of forces from muscle, protection of vital organs, mineral homeostasis, production of blood cells
What two ways does bone form by?
Intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification
What happens during intramembranous ossification?
Compact and spongy bone develops directly from undifferentiated tisssue. Facial development, begins in utero, ends in adolescence
What happens in endochondral ossification?
Bone develops by replacing hyaline cartilage which serves as a template
How is compact bone organised?
Parallel columns/haversian systems consisting of lamellae/concentric rings of bone
Name some types of fracture
Simple, compound (breaches skin), comminuted, displaced, stress, greenstick, pathological (weakened by unerlying disease process
What is the order of bone healing
day 0-1: Haematoma/clot0-2 weeks: Soft callus
Week 2-3: Bony callus 3 weeks to months: Bony callus with lamellar bone
How does bone heal post trauma generally
Endochondral ossification
Name five ways bone healing can be impaired
Displaced/comminuted fracture, inadequate mobilisation, non-union which causes a false joint, open fractures, malnutrition
What is osteonecrosis?
Ischaemic necrosis of bone and marrow, often caused by trauma, fracture, steroids
What is osteomyelitis
Infection of marrow/bone, usually children and bacterial. Staph aureus
What is osteochondroma
A form of benign tumour of bone
What is an osteoid osteoma?
Benign tumour of the osteoblasts affecting the cotrex of the long bones yeilding pain
What is a giant cell tumour of bone?
A benign tumour found in epiphysis of long bones
