Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS4 ORAL SURGERY > Bone Pathology > Flashcards

Bone Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the building unit of compact bone?

A

Osteon (haversian system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where are bone pain receptors and vessels located?

A

Periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

On this image, what are the dark cells?

A

Osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What hormones are involved in bone remodelling?

A
  • parathyroid hormone [activates osteoclasts when theres a decrease in serum calcium]
  • vitamin D3
  • oestrogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What factors are involved in bone remodelling?

A
  • mechanical stimuli
  • systemic hormones
  • cytokines [eg via periodontal disease or infection]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What special tests should you do if you suspect bone pathology?

A

Check
- blood calcium
- parathyroid hormone
- vitamin D
- serum alkaline phosphatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What tests can be done to check osteoclast activity?

A

Check collagen degradation in urine & blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What restorative problems are associated with tori?

A

Difficulty fitting dentures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some types of tori?

A
  • torus palatinus
  • torus mandibularis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What abnormality is seen in this photo?

A

Mandibular tori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can you manage mandibular tori that are interfering with denture fit?

A

Raise flap and drill them off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of slice is seen on this CBCT?

A

Axial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is osteogenesis imperfecta? What are the clinical features?

A

Type 1 collagen defect
- weak bones
- multiple fractures
- sometimes associated with dentinogenesis imperfecta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is achondroplasia?

A

Condition that causes poor endochondral ossification
- leads to dwarfism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is osteopetrosis?

A

Condition with lack of osteoclast activity
- failure of resorption
- marrow obliteration
- leads to brittle, dense bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes fibrous dysplasia? What is it?

A

Gene defect that causes slow growing asymptomatic bony swelling (bone replaced by fibrous tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the clinical phenotypes of fibrous dysplasia?

A
  • Monostotic = single bone
  • Polyostotic = many bones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What pathology is seen in this photo?

A

Fibrous dysplasia?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What syndrome is associated with fibrous dysplasia?

A

Albright’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does fibrous dysplasia present on radiographs?

A
  • “ground glass” “orange peel”
  • margins often blend into adjacent bone
  • becomes more radiopaque as lesion matures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What age are patients typically with fibrous dysplasia?

A

Teenagers and young adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the histopathological presentation of fibrous dysplasia?

A
  • fibrous replacement of bone
  • cellular fibrous tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is rarefying osteitis?

A

Localised loss of bone in response to inflammation
- always occurs secondary to another form of pathology (eg apical periodontitis)

24
Q

What is sclerosing osteitis?

A

Localised increase in bone density in response to low-grade inflammation
- most common around apex of tooth with a necrotic pulp?

25
Q

What can chronic sclerosing osteitis lead to?

A

External root resorption

26
Q

What is idiopathic osteosclerosis?

A

Localised increased in bone density of unknown cause

27
Q

Where is most common area to see idiopathic osteosclerosis?

A

premolar-molar region of mandible

28
Q

How can you tell if a patient has idiopathic osteosclerosis or sclerosing osteitis?

A

Carry out sensibility testing on tooth involved

29
Q

What is osteomyelitis?

A

Rare endogenous infection of the bone
- can be acute or chronic

30
Q

How is actinomycosis treated?

A

Long term antibiotic treatment

31
Q

What is the aetiology of bone necrosis?

A
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Avascular necrosis
  • Irradiation
32
Q

What can cause avascular necrosis of bone?

A
  • age related ischaemia
  • anti-resorptive medication
33
Q

What cancers are anti-resorptive medications used for and why?

A

Cancers that metastasise to bone (eg breast cancer)
- osteoclasts inhibit bone turnover which reduces amount of metastasis

34
Q

Give examples of metabolic bone diseases:

A
  • osteoporosis
  • rickets & osteomalacia
  • hyperparathyroidism
35
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Bone atrophy: resorption exceeds formation
- quantitative deficiency (bone formed is normal)

36
Q

What are the clinical features of osteoporosis?

A
  • symptomless
  • weak bone / multiple fractures
  • antrum enlarged
37
Q

What is the aetiology of osteoporosis?

A
  • sex hormone status
  • age [older»]
  • calcium status & physical activity
  • secondary to other conditions
38
Q

What conditions can result in secondary osteoporosis?

A
  • hyperparathyroidism
  • cushing’s syndrome
  • thryotoxicosis
  • diabetes mellitus
39
Q

What is osteomalacia? What can cause it?

A

Osteoid forms but fails to calcify
- vit D deficiency

40
Q

What can cause a vitamin D deficiency?

A
  • lack of sunlight
  • diet
  • malabsorption
  • renal causes
41
Q

How does hyperparathyroidism cause osteoporosis?

A
  • PTH stimulates osteoclasts
  • PTH mobilises calcium from bones
42
Q

What classifications of hyperparathyroidism exist?

A

Primary - neoplasia/hyperplasia

Secondary - hypocalcaemia [due to vit D deficiency]

Tertiary - hyperplasia as a result of secondary

43
Q

Who is most likely to suffer from primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Postmenopausal women [F:M 3:1]

44
Q

How is Cherubism passed on?

A

Autosomal dominant inheritance

45
Q

What is cherubism?

A

Rare condition causing multicystic/multilocular lesions in multiple quadrants

46
Q

What are the clinical features of pagets disease?

A
  • bone swelling
  • pain
  • nerve compression
47
Q

What are the dental presentations of paget’s disease?

A
  • loss of lamina dura
  • hypercementosis
  • migration of teeth (due to bone enlargement)
48
Q

How does Paget’s disease present histologically?

A
  • increased osteoclastic activity
  • increased osteoblastic activity
49
Q

Give examples of bone tumours:

A
  • osteoma
  • osteoblastoma
50
Q

What is an osteoma?

A

Solitary bone tumour
- mainly cortical bone
- slow growing

51
Q

What syndrome can cause multiple osteomas?

A

Gardners syndrome

52
Q

How does ossifying fibroma present histologically?

A
  • cellular fibrous tissue
  • immature bone
  • acellular calcifications
53
Q

What is a cementoblastoma?

A

Neoplasm attached to root
- histologically the same as osteoblastoma

54
Q

What is seen in these radiographs?

A

Cementoblastoma

55
Q
A

BDS4 ORAL SURGERY (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions