Bone Notes Flashcards
What is the Function of Bones?
Protection
Support
Mineral & growth factor storage
Movement
What are the two classifications?
Axial: head, spine, rib cage
Appendicular: arms, legs, attachment points
4 classifications of Shape
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Long:
Ex:
Longer than is wide
Femur/humorous
Short:
Example:
Cube-shaped
Carpals/tarsals
Flat:
Ex:
Thin, does not do hematopoiesis
Sternum/ribs
Irregular:
Ex:
Complicated shape, doesn’t fit into other categories
Pelvis/vertebrae
What is a Projection
Ex:
Markings that stick out for attachment purposes
Femur/vertebrae
What is a Depression
Ex:
Anything that dips inwards
Pelvic bone
What is an Opening
Ex:
Allows for nerves and blood vessels to run through it
Cranium
Osteogenic Cell
Structure & Function
Structure:
- Stem cell
- unstructured, not matured until later
- has generic organelles
Function:
- can turn into osteoblast or bone-lining cell
Osteoblast
Structure & Function
Structure:
- has large matrix
Function:
- responsible for bone formation and bone growth
Osteocytes
Structure and Function
Structure:
- oval shape with projections to sense
Function:
- maintains bone matrix
- senses stress/strain
Bone-lining Cell
Structure and Function
Structure:
- flat cells located on surface of bone where remodeling is occurring
Function:
- protect remodeling bone
- maintain matrix
Osteoclasts
Structure and Function
Structure:
- giant, multi nucleated cells
- ruffled borders contain enzymes
Function:
- breaks down bone
How do the work together?
Osteocytes maintain bone health and alert if stress is found, while osteogenic cells wait to turn into something else. If stress is found osteoclasts destroy/clean up debris while osteoblasts create new bone to replace it. During the repairs bone-lining cells cover up and protect the remodeling bone area.
Epiphysis
End of long bones (proximal and distal)
Articulate highland cartilage
Start from end of bone to epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
Diaphysis
Middle/shaft of long bone
Hollow (medullary cavity) contains bone marrow
Membranes
Lining membranes on inside & outside of bone
Periosteum: outside of compact bone, connective tissue
Endosteum: inside of compact bone, connective tissue
Compact bone
Dense, outside layer of every bone
Appears smooth and solid
Spongey bone
Can be filled with bone marrow
At end of long bones
Designed to resist stress/strain
Hemopoietic tissue
Bone marrow is where blood cells mature and form
