Bone & Muscle ~ Histology

Question 1

Inorganic constituents of bone matrix

Answer 1

Calcium hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate)

Gives Rigidity to Bone

Question 2

Extensions from lacunae are called

Answer 2

Canaliculi

Which joins with other canaliculi arising from neighbouring lacuni

Question 3

Space between the lamellae is called

Answer 3

Lacunae

Question 4

Osteoblast derived from

Answer 4

Osteogenic precursor cells

Question 5

Canaliculi contains

Answer 5

Processes from osteocytes (located in the canaliculi)

Question 6

Aggregation of muscle fascicle is called

Answer 6

Muscle

Question 7

Organic constituents of bone matrix made up of

Answer 7

Dense bundle of collagen Fibres embedded in the ground substance

So, collagen and ground substance together is called Osteoid

Question 8

The bone is made up of many layers

Answer 8

Called Lamellar Bone/Lamellae

Thin bony plate, In which calcium and collagen are deposited in ground substance

Question 9

Osteocytes located in the

Answer 9

Lacuna

Question 10

Characteristic of compact bone

Answer 10

Made up of lamellae, which has lacunae and canaliculi

Lamellae~arranged in concentric rings

In the Centre of ring ~ Haversian canal

Question 11

Yellow Bone Marrow present in

Answer 11

Compact bone

Question 12

Structures passing through Haversian canal

Answer 12

Nerves and blood vessels

Question 13

Haversian canal along with lamellus is called

Answer 13

Osteon

Question 14

Canal which connects 1 Haversian canal with the other Haversian canal or with Bone Marrow

Answer 14

Volkmann’s canal

Question 15

Covering of each muscle is called

Answer 15

Epimysium

Question 16

Cancellous bone / Spongy bone characteristic

Answer 16

Haversian canal is absent

Bone is arranged in the form of Trabeculae

Question 17

Red bone marrow in spongy/cancellous bone present in

Answer 17

Inter trabecular space

Question 18

Trabeculae of spongy/cancellous bone has

Answer 18

Lacunae

Lucunae in turn consist osteocytes

Margins of Trabeculae has numerous osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Question 19

Compact bone is mainly found in the

Answer 19

Diaphysis

Question 20

Cancellous/spongy bone mainly found in the

Answer 20

Epiphysis

Question 21

Marrow cavity and space in the cancellous bone are filled with?

Answer 21

Bone Marrow

Question 22

Red bone marrow present in

Answer 22

Cancellous / Spongy bone

Question 23

Each muscle fibre is covered by

Answer 23

Endomysium

Question 24

Aggregation of muscle fibres is

Answer 24

Fascicle

Question 25

Trabecular System present in

Answer 25

Cancellous/Spongy Bone

Question 26

Consistency of Compact And Cancellous Bone

Answer 26

Hard/Ivory like ~ Compact bone Spongy like ~ Cancellous Bone

Question 27

Skeletal Muscle Characteristics

Answer 27

Fibres run Parallel to each other Flat Nucleus, found in periphery Syncytium ~ formed by fusion of cells cytoplasmic mass containing numerous nuclei

Question 28

Haversian system Present in

Answer 28

Compact Bone

Question 29

Each fascicle is covered by

Answer 29

Perimysium

Question 30

Part of myofibril between 2 adjacent Z - Band

Answer 30

Sarcomere

Question 31

What is mineralization

Answer 31

Is a process in which calcium salts are deposited into the matrix under the influence of osteoblasts

Question 32

On the basis of pattern of development of bone, the bone is divide into

Answer 32

Three categories; Membranous bones Cartilaginous bones Membranocartilaginous bones

Question 33

Membranous bones ossification?

Answer 33

These bones ossify from highly vascular membrane of primitive mesenchyme At the centre of ossification, mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into osteoprogenitor cells which give rise to osteoblasts Eg; skull and facial bones

Question 34

Ossification of cartilaginous bones

Answer 34

Bones ossify from hyaline cartilage The deeper layers of the perichondrium surrounding the cartilage contain osteoprogenitor cells which help in the bone formation Eg; bones of limbs, vertebral column, thoracic cage

Question 35

Ossification of membranocartilaginous bones

Answer 35

Ossify partly from cartilage and partly from mesenchymal condensations Eg; clavicle, mandible, occipital, temporal, sphenoid

Question 36

A single sarcomere is defined as

Answer 36

The distance between two Z lines

Question 39

Cytoplasmic processes send signals to and exchange nutrients and waste products with the osteocytes within neighbouring lamellae via

Answer 39

Gap Junctions

Question 39

Thin (actin) filaments in the I-band are bound to structural proteins at the

Answer 39

Z-line

Question 39

Thick (myosin) filaments in the A-band are bound to structural proteins at the

Answer 39

M-line

Question 39

The region of the sarcomere in which myosin does not overlap with actin

Answer 39

H-band

Question 39

The region of the sarcomere in which actin does not overlap with myosin

Answer 39

I-band