Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology Block 9 > Bone Mineral Homeostasis > Flashcards

Bone Mineral Homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

Etidronic acid is a

A

Diphosphate which affects calcium metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Etidronic acid inhibits what?

A

Ectopic calcification and slows done bone resorption and bone turnover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are etidronic acid and alendronic acid indicated for use in pediatric patients?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Etidronic acid and alendronic acid should not be used in patients with a creatinine clearence of

A

Less than 35mL/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Biphosphonates act as analogues of

A

Isoprenoid diphosphates lipids in the cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Biphosphonates inhibit what?

A

Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase preventing the biosynthesis of isoprenoid lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Biphosphonates are esential for what?

A

Post translational GTPase signaling proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Patients who are taking biphosphonates may experience what symptoms?

A

Hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and upper GI events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is calcium gluconate?

A

A sterile, nonpyrogenic supersaturated solution of calcium gluconate for IV use only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the indications for calcium gluconate?

A

Dietary supplement, cardioprotective agent in high blood potassium, antidote for magnesium sulfate toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Calcium is essential for which systems?

A

Nervous, muscle and bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Calcium gluconate plays a role in normal

A

Cardiac function, renal function, respiration, blood coagulation, cell membrane and capillary permeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Calcium helps to regulate what?

A

Release and storage of neurotransmitters and hormones, the uptake and binding of amino acids, absorption of vitamin B12, and gastrin secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The salmon version of calcitonin is

A

A synthetic peptide 32 residues long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The human version of calcitonin is

A

32 amino acid single chain polypeptide

For colonic administration

For people who have antibodies against salmon calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the indications for calcitonin?

A

Symptomatic Paget’s disease for patients unresponsive to alternate treatments or intolerant to such treatments

Emergency situations when calcium levels need to be lowered

Patients with azotemia

Post menopausal osteoporosis in women more than 5 years post menopause

17
Q

What is the MOA of calcitonin?

A

Binds to the calcitonin receptor (found primarily on osteoclasts) which then enhances the production of vitamin D enzymes leading to greater calcium retention and enhanced bone density. Binding of calcitonin to its receptor activates adenylyl cyclase and the phosphatidyl-inositol-calcium pathway

18
Q

Is salmon calcitonin recommended in nursing mothers?

A

No

19
Q

Because of its protein structure, salmon calcitonin may induce a

A

Allergic reaction

20
Q

The range between therapeutic and toxic doses is quite narrow in vitamin D resistant

A

Rickets

21
Q

The administration of thiazide diuretics in patients with hypoparathyroidism who are also being treated with vitamin D can result in

A

Hypercalcemia

22
Q

Vitamin D is indicated for?

A

Hypoparathyroidism, refractory rickets, familial hypophosphatemia

23
Q

Vitamin D3 or D2 is hydroxylated to what in the liver?

A

25-hydroxyvitamin D

24
Q

In the kidney, what version of vitamin D is produced?

A

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D

25
Q

What are some actions of calcitriol?

A

Promotes renal reabsorption of calcium , increased intestinal reabsorption of calcium and phosphorus, and increased calcium and phosphorus mobilization from bone to plasma

26
Q

What is alfacalcidol?

A

A vitamin D analogue which is activated by 25-hydroxylase in the liver in systemic and in osteoblasts for local D hormone actions

27
Q

What are the indications for alfacalcidol?

A

Managment of hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, osteodystrophy in patients with chronic renal failure

28
Q

Vitamin D3 or calcitriol binds to its receptors which are located where?

A

Intracellularly

29
Q

Calcitriol when bound to its receptor will function as

A

Transcription factors that modulate gene expression

30
Q

What is the major circulating metabolite of vitamin D3?

A

Calcifediol

31
Q

Calcifediol also has

A

Mineralizing properties

32
Q

Excess vitamin D can cause

A

Mental retardation, widespread soft tissue calcifications, bone demineralization, increased bone mineralization, nausea, anorexia, constipation, mild acidosis, weight loss

33
Q

What is burosumab?

A

Human monoclonal IgG1 antibody that binds excess fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and has been sucesfully tested in clinical trials in children with X linked hypophosphatemic rickets

34
Q

What is the MOA of burosumab?

A

Inhibits FGF23
By inhibiting FGF23, it increases the tubular reabsorption of phosphate from the kidney and thus increases serum concentration of calcitriol (active vit D) . Calcitriol enhances the ingestinal absorption of calcium and phosohate from the intestines supporting bone mineralization

Pharmacology Block 9 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions