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Cycle 3 - MSK > Bone Metabolism, Biochemistry, Physiology and Pathology > Flashcards

Bone Metabolism, Biochemistry, Physiology and Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

The bone is the greatest store of calcium. TRUE or FALSE ?

A

TRUE

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2
Q

Name 3 major processes in the body the bone is involved in ?

A

1) Mineral homeostasis
2) Blood cell generation (occurs in the red bone marrow)
3) Triglyceride storage (in Yellow bone marrow)

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3
Q

The DIAPHYSIS is the main shaft of the bone. TRUE or FALSE ?

A

TRUE

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4
Q

Name the main structure(s) of bone and briefly describe their function.

A

Diaphysis = main shaft of bone
Medulla cavity = Open space in shaft of bone

Epiphyses = present at proximal and distal ends of bone

Metaphyses = neck region of the bone

Epiphyseal = region where bone is actively growing

Periosteum = outer covering of bone
Endosteum = inner lining of bone

Articular cartilages = Protects and maintains movement of bone within a joint

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5
Q

What does the extracellular matrix of bone tissue consist of ?

A

25% water
25% collagen fibers
50% mineral salt

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6
Q

Name the main mineral salt in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue ?

A

Calcium-phosphate

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7
Q

What does Calcium-phosphate and Ca-hydroxide form ?

A

Hydroxy-apatite

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8
Q

What is Calcification ?

A

Minerals being deposited in a framework provided by collagen

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9
Q

What is the importance of collagen to bone ?

A

Collagen provides strength and flexibility

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10
Q

Name the 4 cellular components of bone ?

A
  • Osteogenic cells —> Osteoblasts —> Osteocytes —> Osteoclasts
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11
Q

How do Osteoclasts breakdown the extracellular matrix ?

A

By releasing lysosomal enzymes

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12
Q

80% of bone structure is compact bone. TRUE or FALSE ?

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Compact bone is located beneath the Periosteum. TRUE or FALSE ?

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Compact bone is made up of which 4 structures ?

A

1) Volkmann canals (blood vessels that pass through the bone)
2) Concentric lamellae (around the blood vessels)
3) Osteons (structural bone unit)
4) Interstitial lamellae (b/wn Osteons)

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15
Q

Spongy bone has no Osteons. TRUE or FALSE ?

A

TRUE

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16
Q

Spongy bone is covered with a layer of compact bone. TRUE or FALSE ?

A

TRUE

17
Q

What structure does spongy bone have instead of osteons ?

A

Trabecular structure (make most of the short, flat, irregular shaped bones)

18
Q

Red bone marrow is present within the Trabeculae. TRUE or FALSE ?

A

TRUE

19
Q

Hemopoesis occurs in the red bone marrow. TRUE or FALSE ?

A

TRUE

20
Q

The Periosteum is rich in sensory nerves.

TRUE or FALSE ?

A

TRUE

21
Q

Name the 4 stages of bone repair ?

A

1) Hematoma (formation of fracture)
2) Fibrocartilaginous callus (Fibroblast from periosteum migrate and produce collagen)
3) Bony callus formation
4) Bone remodelling

22
Q

The bone releases Calcium when Osteoclast levels are low. TRUE or FALSE ?

A

TRUE

23
Q

The bone absorbs Calcium when Osteoclast levels are high. TRUE or FALSE ?

A

TRUE

24
Q

Name 2 hormones that regulate Calcium exchange ?

A

1) PTH (Parathyroid hormone) - Increases Ca levels and therefore increases bone resorption - Increased Calcitrol production
2) Calcitonin - reduces blood calcium levels therefore increases Ca deposition in bones - Used to treat Osteoporosis

25
Q

Name 3 types of metabolic bone diseases ?

A

1) Osteoporosis - Reduction of bone mass - bone becomes more porous and compressed
2) Paget’s disease - Deformity of long bones - Thick but weak bones
3) Osteomalacia - Uncommon, muscle weakness due to softening of bones - due to Vit.D deficiency

26
Q

What is Calcitrol ?

A

An active form of Vit D

27
Q

Name one method of diagnosing Osteoporosis ?

A
  • Dual energy x-ray absorptiomentry (DEXA)
28
Q

Bone density must be more than 2.5 SD below mean for a diagnosis of Osteoporosis. TRUE or FALSE ?

A

TRUE

29
Q

Bone density must be more than 1 - 2.5 SD below mean for a diagnosis of Osteopenia. TRUE or FALSE ?

A

TRUE

30
Q

Name 2 drugs that can be used to treat Osteoporosis ?

A

1) Bisphosphonates - Inhibit resorption

2) Strontium ranelate - Inhibit resorption and stimulate bone formatiom

31
Q

Treatment of Osteomalacia…?

A

1) Exposure to sunglight

2) Vit.D

Cycle 3 - MSK (2 decks)

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