Bone malignancy and Retinoblastoma

Question 1

What are the different types of sarcoma?

Answer 1

Rhabdomyosarcoma (most common)
Liposarcoma
Fibrosarcoma
Mesenchymosarcoma

Question 2

What is a rhabdomyosarcoma?

Answer 2

It is a malignancy of connective tissue arising from primitive muscles cells. Occurs near muscle usually.

Question 3

Where so rhabdomyosarcoma’s commonly occur?

Answer 3

Head and Neck 25-30%
Bladder 20%
Skeletal Muscle 15-20%

Question 4

How do rhabdomyosarcoma’s commonly occur?

Answer 4

Expanding swelling often with pain.

Question 5

What is an osteosarcoma?

Answer 5

It is a malignant bone neoplasm occuring in the metaphyses of long bones.

The most common sites are around the knee (75%) or proximal humerus.

Question 6

What disease is it associated with osteosarcoma in adulthood?

Answer 6

Paget’s disease of bone.

Question 7

What are the presenting features of an osteosarcoma?

Answer 7

Pain, swelling and localised tenderness.

Rapid growth and erythema are suggestive of malignancy.

Pathological fractures.

Note: pain worse at night/waking you up at night is indicative of neoplasm (can be benign osteoid osteoma)

Question 8

What is Ewing’s Sarcoma? Rough incidence? 5 year survival?

Answer 8

It is a primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) thought to arise from neoplasms of the mesenchymal stem cells.

Very rare, 0.3 per 100000

Has a relatively poor prognosis 50% 5 year survival.

Question 9

What is a Retinoblastoma?

Answer 9

It is a malignant embryonal tumour affecting the eye.

Question 10

How does retinoblastoma present?

Answer 10

Squint or abnormal red reflex