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orthopedics > bone injury and repair > Flashcards

bone injury and repair Flashcards

0
Q

most important factor in fracture repair?

A

blood flow

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1
Q

fracture repair stages?

A

inflammation, repair, remodeling

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2
Q

type of callus for bone ends NOT in continuity?

A

bridging (SOFT) callus

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3
Q

effect of immobilization?

A

MORE immobilization, LESS callus

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8
Q

indicates completion of fracture healing?

A

marrow space repopulation

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9
Q

bone growth factors?

A

BMP-2, BMP-3, BMP-7

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10
Q

effect of NICOTINE?

A

increases time to heal, nonunion risk; decreases callus strength

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11
Q

effect of NSAIDS?

A

COX-2 required for enchondral ossification

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12
Q

effect of QUINOLONES?

A

toxic to chondrocytes, inhibit fracture healing

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13
Q

effect of ULTRASOUND?

A

accelerates fracture healing, increases callus strength

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14
Q

location of highest risk for pathologic fracture?

A

subtrochanteric femur

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15
Q

graft properties: Osteoconductive Matrix

A

scaffold for bone growth

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16
Q

graft properties: Osteoinductive Factors

A

stimulate bone formation (e.g. BMP)

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17
Q

graft properties: Osteogenic Cells

A

primitive mesenchyme, osteoblasts, osteocytes

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18
Q

types of ALLOGRAFT (non-self) bone?

A

fresh, fresh-frozen, freeze-dried

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19
Q

mechanism of allograft rejection?

A

cellular (T cell)

20
Q

MOST IMMUNOGENIC cell component?

A

bone marrow

21
Q

does not elicit immune response?

A

hydroxyapatite

22
Q

5 stages of graft healing?

A 
inflammation
osteoblast differentiation
osteoinduction
osteoconduction
remodeling
23
Q

bone graft types?

A

cortical, cancellous, synthetic, Ca phosphate-based, Ca sulfate, CaCO3, Coralline hydroxyapatite, Silicate-based, Aluminum oxide

24
Q

types of ossification in distraction osteogenesis?

A

optimal stability: intramembranous

unstable: enchondral

25
Q

rate of distraction in distraction osteogenesis?

A

0.25mm, 3-4x/day (0.75-1mm/day)

26
Q

heterotrophic ossification

A

ectopic bone in soft tissues (RT, THR, THR + Paget’s)

orthopedics (10 decks)

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