Bone Growth Flashcards
interstitial bone growth
increase in length
appositional bone growth
increase in thickness
epiphyseal plate
growth plate in kids
metaphysis
growth plate in adult that has become bone
zone of resting cartilage
cartilage that has anchored to the epiphysis
zone of proliferative cartilage
chondrocyte begin to stack on top of one another increasing length of bone
zone of hypertrophic cartilage
chondrocytes getting bigger
zone of calcified cartilage
matrix calcifies
chondrocytes die
what happens to calcified cartilage
osteogenic cells will become osteoblasts and replace missing cartilage with bone
factors that affect bone growth
- dietary factors
- hormones
- abnormalities
- bone remodeling
- fractures
insulin like growth factor
human growth hormone produced by the pancreas
human growth hormone
produced by the pituitary gland
what does estrogen do for bone growth
targets growth plate so cartilage hardens faster
what does testosterone do for bone growth
stimulates growth for a longer period of time
gigantism
increase of growth hormone as a child
dwarfism
decrease of growth hormone as a child
acromegaly
increase of growth hormone as an adult
closed/simple fracture
does not break skin
open/complex fracture
breaks the skin
comminuted fracture
bone fragments floating around fracture site
impacted fracture
one end of bone goes into another
greenstick fracture
bone bends and does not break
pott’s fracture
distal end of lateral leg
colle’s fracture
distal end of the radius
wrist
stress fracture
microscopic fissure
spontaneous fracture
bone fractures without trauma
bone’s role in calcium homeostasis
puts calcium in the bloodstream
parathyroid hormone
increases osteoclast activity when blood calcium levels are low
calcitonin
stops osteoclast activity if blood calcium levels are too high
where is calcium stored in the body
bones
what do osteoclasts do for blood calcium levels
break down collagen to release calcium into the bloodstream
healing a fracture
formation of a fracture hematoma
formation of a callus
fracture hematoma hardens
fibroclasts come in and produce collagen fibers to adhere to granulation site
who cleans up the fracture site
phagocytes and osteoclasts
formation of bony callus
osteogenic cells become osteoblasts and replacr callus with spongy bone tissue
bone remodeling last step
spongy bone is replaced by compact bone
reduction
reduces fracture
closed reduction
manually put the bone back into place
open reduction
surgically put the bone back into place
