Bone Disease Flashcards
What is arthritis?
Inflammation of joints
what is arthrosis?
non-inflammatory joint disease
what is arthralgia?
joint pain
What function does Parathyroid Hormone play in bone?
Maintains serum calcium levels. Increases if Ca levels fall. Increases calcium release from bone and decreases calcium excretion from the renal system.
What role does Vitamin D play in bone levels?
Vitamin D helps absorb Calcium from the digestive system.
Why might someone have low vitamin D?
- Low sunlight exposure
- Poor GI absorption
- Drug Interactions
What is Osteomalacia?
Poorly mineralised osteoid matrix
Poorly mineralised cartilage growth plate
what is Osteoporosis?
Loss of mineral and matrix
Reduced bone mass
what is the name of the childhood condition related to osteomalacia before bone has finished forming?
rickets
describe the physical appearance of osteomalacia in children and adults.
- bow legs in children
- Vertebral compression in adults
- sore bones
what are the symptoms of Hypocalcaemia?
Muscle weakness
Trousseau & Chvostek signs positive
Carpal muscle spasm
Facial twitching from VII tapping
What blood test results might one see in someone with osteomalacia?
- decreased serum calcium
- decreased serum phosphate
- very high alkaline phosphate
- Increased plasma creatine if the cause is renal
- increased plasma parathyroid hormone if secondary hyperparathyroidism is the cause
How do we manage osteomalacia?
- Control GI Disease
- Sunlight exposure (30 mins 5x per week)
- Dietary Vitamin D
What are the risk factors for osteoporosis?
*AGE
*Female sex
*Endocrine - Oestrogen & testosterone deficiency/
Cushings syndrome
*Genetic - Family history /Race – caucasian & asian women / Early menopause
*Patient factors - Inactivity/Smoking//Excess alcohol use/Poor dietary calcium
*Medical Drugs use - steroids/antiepileptics
At what age do we achieve peak bone mass?
24-35 years
Why is osteoporosis more common in women?
its linked to oestrogen withdrawal.
what are the effects of osteoporosis?
- Increased bone fracture risk - Long bones – femur
- Vertebrae - Height loss/Kyphosis & Scoliosis/Nerve root compression – back pain
- Lifetime risk of hip fracture >50yrs of age
- After osteoporosis related hip fracture
- problems being able to walk unaided or live independantly
How can osteoporosis be prevented?
- Build peak bone mass by exercise and high dietary calcium intake
- reduce rate of bone mass loss via exercise and calcium intake and reduce hormone related effects.
- Reduce drug related effects
- osteoporosis prevention drugs - Bisphonates
What are the pros and cons of oestrogen replacement therapy to treat osteoporosis?
- Reduces osteoporosis risk
- Increases breast cancer risk
- increases endometrial cancer risk
