Bone Density Flashcards
What is a good modality for studying the components of marrow?
MRI
What is the injection used for a bone scan?
Technetium 99 MDP
When is a bone scan less sensitivie?
Multiple myeloma (osteoclastic, because of lytic nature)
What is a good modality to use for multiple myeloma?
Xrays
What does the honda sign indicate?
Sacral insufficiency fracture
If there is a wide zone of transition in a bone tumor, is the cancer more likely to be agressive or non-agressive?
Agressive
If a bone cancer has a motheaten look with multiple lytic areas is it aggressive or not? what type is it?
Agressive
Type 2
What type is a narrow transition zone, non sclerotic margin ?
Type 1 B
What type is a narrow transition zone, sclerotic margin
Type 1 A
What type are the following? B9. Bone cyst, nonossifying fibroma, fibrous dysplasia, osteoid osteoma
Type 1A
What type are the following? Bone cyst, enchondroma, chondromyxoid fibroma, giant cell, eosinophilic granuloma
Type 1B
What tyep are the following: Giant cell tumor, osteosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, chondrosarcoma, brown tumor, mets..
Type 1 C
What type are the following . Malignant neoplasms, primary and metastatic, osteomyelitis
Type 2
What type are the following Sarcomas, hyperparathyroidism, fracture, osteomyelitis.
Type 3
What is a big tumor. Nidus less than 2 cm surrounded by a zone of reactive bone. Dull pain that’s worst at night and disappears within 20-30 min after NSAI’s
Osteoid Osteoma
If a tumor is in the chondroid what does it look like?
Arcs and rings
If a tumor is in the osteoid what would it look like?
Cloud-like
In a tumor with a sunburst around it agressive or non agressive?
Aggressive
If a tumor looks like onion skinning is it more toward the agressive or non-agressive side?
Agressive
What age range does multiple myeloma or metastasis typically occur in?
Older individuals (50-80)
Tumors with what in front of them have more bone producing abnormality?
“osteo”
What can stool mimic in the pelvis?
Fracture, bone tumors
What is a fracture that occurs with repetitie trauma and is a fatigue fracture?
Stress fracture
What occurs when normal stress is placed upon abnormal bone
insufficiency fracture
what type fracture is a buckling that doesn’t go all the way through the cortex?
torus
This child presents with limping and is usually a boy. Has osteonecrosis of the femoral head. What is the disease?
Legg-Perthes Disease
This occurs normally in overweight pre-teen or teenager. Presents with a limp.
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
What are common fractures that can indicate child abuse?
Fractures of ribs, ends of long bones (near growth plates), spine
What are common head injuries in child abuse?
subdural hemorrhage
brain swelling (cerebral edema)
multiple skull fractures (eggshell)
WHat should you start with for a ligamentous/ soft tissue injury?
MRI
Arthrogram
Ultrasound
For osteomyelitis what should you start with?
MRI
Nuclear medicine studies
Arthrogram is usually combine with what?
MRI
Is there an injection of contrast in an arthrogram?
yes, gadolinium
type of arthritis that could be angered by eating at big texan?
Gout
What is any disease that affects the joint?
Arthritis
What is an arthritis where there is bone production?
Hypertrophic
What is an arthritis where there is boen destruction?
Erosive arthritis (underlying inflammation and lysis)
What is bone formation extending from bone? (type of hypertrophic arthritis)
Osteophytes
What is bone production within the confines of preexisiting bone? (type of hypertrophic arthritis)
Subchondral sclerosis
What are the four hypertrophic arthrides
Osteoarthritis
Erosive osteoarthritis
Charcot arthropathy
calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD)
Osteoarthritis is mostly a _____ disease?
DISTAL
What is a common joint for osteoarthritis?
1st CMC
What is : Degenerative arthritis of synovial joints that occurs because of an underlying predisposing condition such as trauma.
Degenerative arthritis
What type of osteoarthritis has severe inflammation, erosions typically centrally located in joints. Often seen in perimenopausal females.
Erosive osteoarthritis
What type arthropathy is seen in a neuropathic joint and due to a disturbance in sensation. Often seen in those with diabetes in shoulder, hips, ankles, and feet.
Charcot arthropathy
What is the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in and around joints. Known as pseudogout. Affects joints not typically affected by osteoarthritis.
Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease
Type of arthritis, related to inflammation. There are lytic lesions in or near the joint. Pannus- mas of growing and enlarging synovial tissue.
Erosive arthritis
What are some types of erosive arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis
Gout
psoariatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis
What joints does rheumatoid arthritis usually affect?
Proximal joints
B/L symmetric
Are there bone formation in rheumatoid arthritis?
No
What is Inflammation changes incited by the deposition of calcium urate crystals?
Gout
What joint is affected most by gout?
Metatarsal-phalangeal joint
When you hear “pencil in cup” what disease should you think?
Psoriatic arthritis
What is a progressive disease that leads to inflammation and eventual fusion of the SI joint. Seen in males. HLA B27 marker. Ascends spine starting at SI joint.
Ankylosing Spondylitis
In the spine with ankylosing spondylitis there is ossification of what?
The outer fibers of the annulus fibrosis
people with ankylosing spondylitis has a spine that looks like what?
bamboo
this type of arthritis usually occurs from hematogenous seeding of the synovial membrane from an infected source elsewhere in the body.
Infectious arthritis
What is the pyogenic form of infectious arthritis?
Staph
What is the nonpyogenic form of infectious arthritis?
Mycobacterium
How many joints does infectious arthritis usually occur in?
One
What are 4 things that lead to increased bone density (white)?
Osteoblastic metastasis
Osteopetrosis
Pagets (focal)
Avascular necrosis (focal)
What are 6 things that lead to decreased bone density (dark)?
Osteoclastic metastasis Osteoporosis Hyperthyroidism Rickets Osteomyelitis Multiple myelomas
Are these cancer types osteoblastic or osteolytic?
Prostate, breast, lymphoma, carcinoid
Osteoblastic
Are these cancer types osteoblastic or osteolytic? Lung cancer breast cancer renal cell cancer thyroid
Osteolytic
What is the destruction of bone by an infectious agent?
Osteomyelitis
What is the destruction of bone by an infectious agent?
Osteomyelitis
