Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS2 Oral Biology & Embryology > Bone & Cartillage > Flashcards

Bone & Cartillage Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the two types of bone known as?

A
  • cortical (compact) bone

- cancellous (spongy) bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what % of the skeleton does cortical bone make up?

A

80-85% of skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what % of skeleton does cancellous bone make up?

A

15-20% of skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what type of bone is the dense outer plate of bone composed of?

A

cortical bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of bone is the internal trabecular scaffolding composed of?

A

cancellous bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is interesting about the cortical bone found in the alveolar bone?

A
  • cortical bone has nutrient canals that contain blood vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what occurs in the cortical bone lining tooth sockets?

A

the cortical bone lining tooth sockets is penetrated by bundles of collagen fibres of PDL (Sharpey’s fibres)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the compositional makeup of bone (by weight)?

A
  • 60% inorganic (hydroxyapatite)
  • 25% organic (collage, glycoproteins, proteoglycans)
  • 15% water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the extracellular matrix?

A
  • semi-fluid gel
  • composed of long polysaccharide molecules
  • also made up of glucose-amino-glycans (GAGs)
  • contains fibres
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the main fibres found within the extracellular matrix?

A
  • collagen

- elastin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what can extracellular matrix also be referred to as?

A

ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are examples of glycols-amino-glycans?

A
  • hyaluronic acid

- proteoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the different structures of bone?

A
  • woven bone

- lamellar bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is woven bone?

A
  • rapidly laid down bone
  • irregular depostion of collagen
  • present in foetus
  • fracture repair
  • contains many osteocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is lamellar bone?

A
  • bone laid down more slowly
  • collagen fibres are laid down in parallel
  • normal form in adults
  • contains fewer osteocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what bone structure contains more osteocytes, woven or lamellar?

A

woven bone

17
Q

explain the structure of compact bone & how it is laid down?

A
  • laid down in concentric lamellae
  • forms longitudinal columns
  • organised in Haversian systems around central canal
  • contains lateral Volkman’s Canals
  • canals contain blood vessels
18
Q

what is a Haversian system also known as?

A

an osteon

19
Q

how can the structure of cancellous bone be described when it is formed?

A
  • network of thin trabeculae
  • trabeculae consist of lamellae
  • osteocytes present
  • no obvious Haversion systems
  • the bone is thin
20
Q

what can occur in cancellous bone due to it being thin?

A

nutrients can diffuse in

21
Q

where are osteoblasts located on bone?

A

lie on surface of bone

22
Q

what cells are osteoblasts derived from (embryologically)?

A

mesenchymal cells

23
Q

what is the function of osteoblasts?

A

synthesise & secrete collagen fibres forming a matrix which is then mineralised by calcium salts

24
Q

where are osteocytes located?

A

lie within lacunae spaces

25
Q

what type of cells do osteoclasts derive from?

A

haemopoietic stem cells (related to macrophages)

26
Q

what is the function of osteoclasts?

A

they resorb bone

27
Q

where are osteoclasts found within bone?

A

lie in con cavities in bone known as Howship’s lacunae

28
Q

what is meant by bone turnover?

A

removal and replacement of bone tissue, without change in overall shape
- resorption balanced by deposition

29
Q

what is bone remodelling regulated by?

A
  • hormones

- paracrines

30
Q

what is cartilage?

A

semi-rigid, unmineralised connective tissue

31
Q

what are the different types of cartilage known as?

A
  • hyaline cartilage
  • fibrocartilage
  • elastic cartilage
32
Q

where is hyaline cartilage located?

A
  • nasal septum
  • larynx
  • trachea
  • ends of ribs (costal cartilages)
  • articular surface
  • embryonic skeleton (precursor to bone)
33
Q

where is fibrocartilage found?

A
  • intervertebral discs

- pubic symphysis

34
Q

where is elastic cartilage located?

A
  • external ear
  • epiglottis
  • Eustacian tube
35
Q

what cells form cartilage?

A

chondroblasts

36
Q

is cartilage vascular or avascular?

A

avascular

37
Q

what bones develop by endochondral ossification? how does this occur?

A

long bones

  • cartilage precursor
  • cartilage proliferation
  • cartilage replaced with bone
38
Q

what bones develop by intramembranous ossification? how does this occur?

A

Flat bones =

  • no cartilage precursor
  • bone formed alone

BDS2 Oral Biology & Embryology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions