Bone, cartilage, and soft tissue tumors: Clinical Correlations Flashcards
Common Bone Lesions

- Metastatic carcinoma
- Multiple myeloma
- Lymphoma of bone
- Osteosarcoma
- Ewing sarcoma
- **Unicameral bone cyst (UBC)**
- Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC)*
- Enchondroma
- Osteochondroma
- Chondrosarcoma
Soft Tissue Lesions

- Lipoma
- Desmoid
- Soft tissue sarcoma
- Lymphoma
72 y/o F presents with L knee pain: Based on the image, what is the differential?

- Multiple Myeloma
- Lymphoma
- Bone Sarcoma
- Metastatic Disease

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Multiple Myeloma

When staging a bone lesion, what should you consider?
- X-ray of entire affected bone
- Whole body bone scan (or skeletal survey)
- CT scan of chest, abdomen, and pelvis OR or PET/CT
- Serum Protein Electrophoresis /Urine Protein Electrophoresis /serum free light chains (for multiple myeloma or plasmacytoma)
- Prostatic specific antigen (for prostate adenocarcinoma)
What is the most likely disease?

Multiple Myeloma

Multiple Myeloma:
Characteristics
- A common lymphoid malignancy
- Sheets of plasma cells with atypical cell features
- Median age is 70 years
- Principally involves bone marrow and causes lytic lesions throughout skeleton
- most commonly vertebrae, ribs, skull, pelvis, femur, clavicle, & scapula
- Result in “pathologic fractures”
- Cells produce a monoclonal immuno- globulin, most often IgG
What is the most likely diagnosis?

B cell lymphoma

What is the marker that would indicate this is B cell lymphoma?

CD20

What does this image suggest?

Osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma histology

Osteosarcoma histology

Metastatic poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, consistent origin in a primary lung adenocarinoma:
What are the markers?

-
Lung adenocarcinomas: one of four major types of lung carcinoma
- Most common type of lung cancer in woman and nonsmokers
- Metastases early (to bone, brain, and liver)
Clinical Markers
- TTF1: positive in adenocarcinomas arising in the lungs
- Cytokeratin: positive in carcinomas

Childhood lesions of bone:
- Osteochondroma
- Enchondroma
- Unicameral bone cyst
- Aneurysmal bone cyst
- Ewing sarcoma
- Osteosarcoma
10 y/o male presents with bone pain: What is the differential diagnosis?

- UBC- Unicameral Bone Cyst
- ABC- Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
- Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
- Osteosarcoma
- Ewing Sarcoma
What is the most likely diagnosis?

Unicameral Bone Cyst (UBC)

Unicameral Bone Cyst:
Characteristics

AKA: Solitary cyst or Simple Bone Cyst
- Benign
- Children & young adults
- Metaphyseal region of long bones
- Usually proximal femur or humerus
- Presentation: pathologic fracture
- Bone cortex is eroded by cyst & elicits secondary periosteal new bone formation
- Pathology: cyst filled with clear fluid & lined with thin fibrous membrane
- Because of frequent fractures: old blood (hemosiderin) and granulation tissue maybe present
What is the most likely diagnosis?

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC)

NOTE THE FLUID-FLUID LEVELS
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC):
Characteristics
- Eccentric solitary expansile lesion
- Mostly < 20 years
- Swelling, pain, or tenderness
-
Metaphyseal region of long bones: common
- But any bone may be involved
- Cystic spaces filled with blood, but no endothelial cell lining
- Between blood filled spaces are fibrous septa, giant cells & immature bone or osteoid
- Recently discovered that it is a benign neoplasm with a characteristic translocation
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst:
Treatment
- Curettage (it may recur)
- Embolization/sclerotherapy
What is the most likely diagnosis?
(pure lytic lesion in the epiphysis)

Giant Cell Tumor of Bone

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Osteosarcoma
mineralization in bone = osteosarcoma

What is the most likely diagnosis
(10 y/o male with bone pain)

Ewing Sarcoma
- What is the marker for a Ewing sarcoma (+) stain?
- What is the translocation in Ewing Sarcoma?
- Marker: CD99
- t(11,22) (90% of cases)
56 y/o M with Painless thigh mass: What is the differential?

- Lipomas
- Soft tissue sarcomas
- Desmoid fibromatosis
- Lymphoma
What is the most likely diagnosis?

Lipoma

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Desmoid Fibromatosis

What is this a positive stain of?

Beta Catenin (+) for Desmoid Fibromatosis

Biopsy from a 56 y/o M with a painless thigh mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?

High-grade Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma

40 y/o F with pelvic pain and incidentally noted pelvic lesion: What is the differential?

- Enchondroma
- Osteochondroma
- Chondrosarcoma
- Enchondroma
- Osteochondroma
- Chondrosarcoma
What do they have in common?
Tumors that deposit mineral
What is the most likely diagnosis?

Enchondroma

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Osteochondroma

What is the most likely diagnosis?

Osteochondroma
40 y/o F with pelvic pain and incidentally noted pelvic lesion. She also presents with this histological stain.

What is the most likely diagnosis?
Chondrosarcoma
