Bone & Cartilage

Question 1

Function of Bone

Answer 1

-framework to support/protect body organs
-levers for muscle action
-reservoir for mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus)
-production blood cells in bone marrow

Question 2

Components of Bone

Answer 2

-Extracellular matrix: majority bone mass, fibers and ground substance, mineralized
-Cells
-Covering membranes:
1. periosteum - lines external surface bones
2. endosteum - lines central cavity of bones

Question 3

Organic Component of bone

Answer 3

Osteoid
-components organic matrix, 90% fibers type I collagen
- amorphous ground substance 10% organic matrix
-some water present in extracellular matrix

Question 4

Covering membranes

Answer 4

periosteum: external surface of bone
-outer layer: dense collagenous connective tissue with collagen fibers, blood vessels, fiberblasts
-inner cellular layer: osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts
-osteocytes: spaces in extracellular matrix called lacunae

Question 5

Periosteum

Answer 5

-well vascularized
-function: maintain bones, remodeling/repair
-anchor tendons/ligaments

Question 6

Periosteum (layers)

Answer 6

-osteoprogenitor cells: inner cell layer, produce osteoblasts
-osteoblasts: produce organic matrix (osteoid), found bone surface
-osteocytes: osteoblasts that are surrounded by extracellular matrix (lacunae)

Question 7

Endosteum

Question 8

Osteoblasts

Question 9

Osteocytes

Question 10

Osteoclasts

Question 11

Compact (dense) Bone

Question 12

Interstitial Lamellae

Question 13

Intramembranous bone formation

Question 14

Endochondral bone formation

Question 15

Histologically of epiphysial plate (5 zones)

Question 16

Megakaryocytes

Question 17

Hyaline cartilage

Question 18

Bone

Question 19

Features of Cartilage

Question 20

Types of Cartilage

Question 21

Ground Substance