Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Bone and Soft Tissue Infection > Flashcards

Bone and Soft Tissue Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors for acute osteomyelitis?

A
  • children, boys > girls
  • history of trauma
  • other disease; diabetes, rheum athritis, immunocompromised, sickle cell, long-term steroids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are causes of infection for acute osteomyelitis?

A

Infants:

  • infected umbilical cord

Children:

  • boils
  • tonsilitis
  • skin abrasions

Adults:

  • UTI
  • arterial line
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What organisms cause infections for acute osteomyelitis?

A

Infants:

  • staph aureus
  • Group B streptococci
  • E. coli

Children:

  • staph aureus
  • strep pyogenes
  • haemophilus influenzae

Adults:

  • staph aureus
  • coagulase -ve staphylococci
  • propionibacterium spp
  • mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • pseudomonas aeroginosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does infection spread in acute osteomyelitis?

A
  • haematogenous
  • children + elderly
  • local spread
  • trauma, bone surgery, joint replacement
  • secondary to vascualr insufficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the pathological process of acute osteomyelitis?

A
  • starts at metaphysis
  • vascular stage (venous congestion + arterial thrombosis)
  • acute inflammation- inc. pressure
  • suppuration
  • release of pressure
  • necrosis of bone (sequestrum)
  • new bone formation (involucrum)
  • resolution/chronic osteomyelitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the clinical features of acute osteomyelitis in an infant?

A
  • failure to thrive
  • drowsy/irritable
  • metaphyseal tenderness + swelling
  • decreased ROM
  • positional change
  • knee most common
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the clinical features of acute osteomyelitis in a child?

A
  • severe pain
  • reluctant to move, not weight bearing
  • tender fever + pyrexia
  • malaise
  • toxaemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the clinical features of acute osteomyelitis in adults?

A
  • backache
  • spine common (primary OM)
  • history of UTI/urological procedure
  • elderly
  • secondary OM more common
  • after open fractures/surgery
  • mixed organisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the investigations for acute osteomyelitis?

A
  • FBC + WBC (neutrophil leukocytosis)
  • ESR, CRP
  • 3x blood cultures
  • Us +Es
  • XR
  • US
  • isotope bone scan (Tc-99, Gallium-67)
  • labelled white cell scan
  • MRI
  • aspiration
  • bone biopsy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the treatment for acute osteomyelitis?

A
  • analgesia
  • rehydration
  • rest + splintage
  • antibiotics (Fluclox + BenzylPen)
  • surgery, if;
  • aspirate pus for diagnosis and culture
  • abscess drainage
  • remove dead/infected/contaminated tissue
  • refractory to other treatments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the complications of acute osteomyelitis?

A
  • septicaemia, death
  • metastatic infection
  • pathological fracture
  • septic arthritis
  • altered bone growth
  • chronic osteomyelitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the causes of chronic osteomyelitis?

A
  • follow from acute osteomyelitis
  • operation
  • open wound
  • immunosupressed, diabetic, elderly, drug abusers, etc.
  • repeated breakdown of ‘healed’ wounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What organisms cause infection for chronic osteomyelitis?

A
  • staph aureus
  • strep pyogenes
  • proteus
  • often mixed infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the pathology of chronic osteomyelitis?

A
  • cavities, sinuses
  • dead boen (retained sequestra)
  • involucrum
  • chronic inflammation (on histology)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for chronic osteomyelitis?

A
  • long term antibiotics
  • surgery- eradicate bone infection
  • treat soft tissue problems
  • deformity correction
  • massive reconstruction
  • amputation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the complications of chronic osteomyelitis?

A
  • chronic disharge + flare up sinuses
  • ongoing (metastatic) infections (abscesses)
  • pathological fracture
  • growth disturbance + deformities
  • squamous cell carcinoma (0.07%)
17
Q

What organisms cause infection for acute septic arthritis?

A
  • staph aureus
  • haemophilus influenzae
  • strep pyogenes
  • E. coli
18
Q

What is the route of infection in acute septic arthritis?

A
  • haematogenous
  • eruption of bone abscesses
  • direct invasion
  • penetrating wound
  • intra-articular injury
  • arthroscopy
  • metaphyseal septic focus
19
Q

What is the pathology of acute spetic arthritis?

A
  • actue synocitis, with purulent joint effusion
  • articular cartilage attacked by bacterial toxin + cellular enzyme
  • complete destruction of the articular cartilage
20
Q

What conditions can occur as a result of acute septic arthritis?

A
  • partial loss of articular cartilage + OA
  • fibrous/bony ankylosis
21
Q

What are the clinical features of acute septic arthritis?

A
  • reluctant to move joint
  • inc. temperature + pulse
  • inc. tenderness
22
Q

What are the investigations for acute spetic arthritis?

A
  • FBC, WBC
  • ESR, CRP
  • blood cultures
  • XR
  • US
  • aspiration
23
Q

What is the treatment for acute septic arthritis?

A
  • antibiotics
  • surgical drainage + lavage
  • infected joint replacement
24
Q

What are the classifications of tuberculosis in bone and joint?

A
  • extra-articular
  • epiphyseal
  • bones with haemodynamic marrow
  • intra-articular
  • large joints
  • vertebral body
25
Q

What is the pathology of tuberculosis?

A
  • primary complex (lung or gut)
  • secondary spread
  • tuberculosis granuloma
26
Q

What are the clinical features of tuberculosis?

A
  • insideous onset + general ill health
  • contact with TB
  • pain (esp. night), swelling, weight loss
  • low grade pyrexia
  • joint swelling
  • decreased ROM
  • ankylosis
  • deformity
  • little pain + abscess/kyphosis (spine)
  • thickening of synovium
  • muscle wasting
  • periarticular osteoporosis
27
Q

What are the investigations for tuberculosis?

A
  • FBC, ESR
  • Mantoux test
  • sputum/urine culture
  • XR
  • soft tissue swelling
  • periarticular osteopaenia
  • articular space narrowing
  • joint aspiration + biopsy
  • AAFB (10-20%)
  • culture +ve (50%)
28
Q

What is the treatment for tuberculosis?

A
  • chemotherapy
  • rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol (8 weeks)
  • rifampicin, isoniazid (6-12 months)
  • rest + splintage
  • operative drainage

MSK (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions