Bone and Joint Types Flashcards
MEMORIZE AND LEARN TO IDENTIFY
What are the 6 important functions of the skeletal system?
1) Provides support
2) Protects internal organs
3) Assists body movements
4) Stores and releases salts of calcium and phosphorus
5) Participates in blood cell production (hemopoiesis)
6) Stores triglycerides in adipose cells of yellow marrow
What are the two principal divisions of the human skeleton?
Axial skeleton
Appendicular Skeleton
Axial Skeleton
Skull bones, auditory ossicles (ear bones), hyoid bone, ribs, sternum (breastbone), and bones of the vertebral column.
80 bones
The Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of the upper and lower limbs (extremities) and the bones forming the girdles that connect the limbs to the axial skeleton.
126 bones
Flat bone function and example
Generally function to protect underlying structures
ex. Cranium, ribs, bones of the shoulder girdle
irregular bone function and example
Often have many surface marking which allow for muscle attachments or articulations
ex. Vertebrae and certain bones of the skull
long bones
Function as levers
ex. Most of the bones of the extremities are long bones
short bones
Able to transfer forces to surrounding structures
ex. Found in confined spaces (wrist and ankle)
sesamoid bones
helps with tendons that would experience a lot of friction, tension and physical stress
Often embedded in a tendon, at the point it crosses a joint
ex. on first metatarsal, patella
two types of surface markings
depressions/openings
Processes
depression
Allow the passage of soft tissues • Form joints
processes
Projections or outgrowths that form joints • Serve as attachment points for ligaments and tendons
tubercle
Variably sized rounded projection.
tuberosity
Variably sized projection with rough, bumpy surface
Fissure
Narrow slit between bones for passage of blood vessels or nerves
