bone and cartilage Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 2 types of bone at a macroscopic level

A

cortical (compact) and cancellous (spongy)

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2
Q

what type of macroscopic bone is the alveolar bone

A

both cortical and cancellous
cortical bone lines tooth sockets and contains nutrient canals containing blood vessels
it is also penetrated by bundles of sharpeys fibres

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3
Q

what are the 2 types of bone at a microscopic level

A

woven bone - rapidly laid down with irregular deposition of collagen
found in the fetus and after fracture repair
lamellar bone - laid down slower and collagen fibres are parallel - the normal form to be found in adults

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4
Q

howships lacunae

A

concavities in bone where osteoclasts lie

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5
Q

what are the 3 main types of cartilage and where are they found

A

hyaline - widespread - trachea, ends of ribs
fibro - intervertebral discs
elastic - epiglottis, outer ear

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6
Q

what are the two types of bone growth

A

endochondral ossification

intramembranous ossification

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7
Q

endochondral ossification

A

seen in ‘long’ bones including condoyle of mandible

cartilage must proliferate before being replaced by bone

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8
Q

intramembranous ossification

A

seen in ‘flat’ bones

no cartilage precursor needed, bone forms directly from connective tissue

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9
Q

what are the 4 layers of cartilage growth seen in endochondral ossification

A

resting - chondrocytes fairly inactive
proliferative - chondrocytes proliferate
hypertrophic - cells grow in size
ossifying cartilage turning to bone

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10
Q

achondroplasia

A

genetic defect of cartilage growth therefore endochondral bone growth is impaired whilst intramembranous is unaffected
short limbs normal forehead

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