bone and cartilage Flashcards
what are the 2 types of bone at a macroscopic level
cortical (compact) and cancellous (spongy)
what type of macroscopic bone is the alveolar bone
both cortical and cancellous
cortical bone lines tooth sockets and contains nutrient canals containing blood vessels
it is also penetrated by bundles of sharpeys fibres
what are the 2 types of bone at a microscopic level
woven bone - rapidly laid down with irregular deposition of collagen
found in the fetus and after fracture repair
lamellar bone - laid down slower and collagen fibres are parallel - the normal form to be found in adults
howships lacunae
concavities in bone where osteoclasts lie
what are the 3 main types of cartilage and where are they found
hyaline - widespread - trachea, ends of ribs
fibro - intervertebral discs
elastic - epiglottis, outer ear
what are the two types of bone growth
endochondral ossification
intramembranous ossification
endochondral ossification
seen in ‘long’ bones including condoyle of mandible
cartilage must proliferate before being replaced by bone
intramembranous ossification
seen in ‘flat’ bones
no cartilage precursor needed, bone forms directly from connective tissue
what are the 4 layers of cartilage growth seen in endochondral ossification
resting - chondrocytes fairly inactive
proliferative - chondrocytes proliferate
hypertrophic - cells grow in size
ossifying cartilage turning to bone
achondroplasia
genetic defect of cartilage growth therefore endochondral bone growth is impaired whilst intramembranous is unaffected
short limbs normal forehead