bone anatomy

Question 1

main function of bones

Answer 1

support
protection
movement
homeostasis
blood cell production
triglyceride storage

Question 2

types of bones

Answer 2

long 
short
irregular
flat 
sesamoid

Question 3

Function of Short bones

Answer 3

Longer than they are wide
provide stability
limited movement

Question 4

examples of short bones

Answer 4

carpels

tarsals

Question 5

Function of long bones

Answer 5

longer than wide
support weight
facilitated movement
found in the appendicular sysytem

Question 6

types of long bones

Answer 6

femur
phalanges
metacarpals
radius
ulna

Question 7

Flat - function and types

Answer 7

protection of internal organs such as the brain
thin
can be curved
ribs, skull, sternum

Question 8

irregular bones

Answer 8

complex shape

provide protection

Question 9

sesamoid bone

Answer 9

embedded in tendons

protect tendons

Question 10

Anatomy of a long bone

Answer 10

articular cartilage
spongy bone 
red bone marrow 
epiphyseal line
compact bone
endosteum
medullary cavity
periosteum

Question 11

epiphysises

Answer 11

end of bone where another bone articulates

Question 12

articular cartilage

Answer 12

creates smooth frictionless surface for bones to move against each other

Question 13

periosteum

Answer 13

layer that surrounds enter bone surface

Question 14

medullary cavity

Answer 14

houses yellow bone marrow

Question 15

yellow bone marrow

Answer 15

storage of triglycerides (energy)

Question 16

endosteum

Answer 16

lines inside of bone

Question 17

epiphyseal line

Answer 17

connects diaphysis and epiphysis, site of growth

thin line of hyaline cartilage at metaphysis of bone, which permits interstitial growth.

Question 18

red bone marrow

Answer 18

Blood cell production (all)

in spongy bone

Question 19

what is different about the extracellular matrix of bone tissue compared to other tissue types?

Answer 19

it is hard to accommodate for its function

it is predominately made of collagen fibers, embedded in crystallised ground substance

Question 20

4 specialised types of bone cells

Answer 20

osteoprogenitor cell
osteoblast
osteocyte
osteoclast

Question 21

osteoprogenitor

Answer 21

derived from mesenchyme
where all bone cells originated from
develop into osteoblasts
undifferentiated 
inly bone cells to undergo mytosis

Question 22

osteoblasts

Answer 22

functional immature bone cells
build bone
secrete ostiod
osteoblast becomes trapped by extracellular matrix

Question 23

osteoid

Answer 23

made of collagen fibres and needed materials for extracellular matrix
can combine calcium and phosphorus
makes matrix hard

Question 24

calcification

Answer 24

the hardening of tissue by deposition of calcium.

Question 25

osteocytes

Answer 25

from osteoblasts
trapped in a lacune
communicated via long processes in Canaliculi
primary function - monitor and maintain bone metabolism

Question 26

osteoclasts

Answer 26

derived from WBC
big bone cells
secretes digestive enzymes
breaks down extracellular matrix

Question 27

bone reabsorption

Answer 27

the process by which osteoclasts break down bone extracellular matrix and release the stored minerals into the blood.

Question 28

compact bone

Answer 28

hard external layer of all bones
dense compact tissue
provides structure, support and protection

Question 29

osteon

Answer 29

pillar of bone of concentric lamellae

Question 30

central canal

Answer 30

tunnel in centre of osteon that houses vessels and nerves.

Question 31

Ossification

Answer 31

process of bone formation.

Question 32

Perforating canal

Answer 32

connects central canals and periosteum.

Question 33

Trabeculae

Answer 33

lamellae arranged as beams or crossbars in a loose 3D network.

Question 34

spongy bone

Answer 34

reduces density
allows for compression
areas where stresses come from all directions
bone is not arranged in osteons