bone anatomy Flashcards
main function of bones
support protection movement homeostasis blood cell production triglyceride storage
types of bones
long short irregular flat sesamoid
Function of Short bones
Longer than they are wide
provide stability
limited movement
examples of short bones
carpels
tarsals
Function of long bones
longer than wide
support weight
facilitated movement
found in the appendicular sysytem
types of long bones
femur phalanges metacarpals radius ulna
Flat - function and types
protection of internal organs such as the brain
thin
can be curved
ribs, skull, sternum
irregular bones
complex shape
provide protection
sesamoid bone
embedded in tendons
protect tendons
Anatomy of a long bone
articular cartilage spongy bone red bone marrow epiphyseal line compact bone endosteum medullary cavity periosteum
epiphysises
end of bone where another bone articulates
articular cartilage
creates smooth frictionless surface for bones to move against each other
periosteum
layer that surrounds enter bone surface
medullary cavity
houses yellow bone marrow
yellow bone marrow
storage of triglycerides (energy)
endosteum
lines inside of bone
epiphyseal line
connects diaphysis and epiphysis, site of growth
thin line of hyaline cartilage at metaphysis of bone, which permits interstitial growth.
red bone marrow
Blood cell production (all)
in spongy bone
what is different about the extracellular matrix of bone tissue compared to other tissue types?
it is hard to accommodate for its function
it is predominately made of collagen fibers, embedded in crystallised ground substance
4 specialised types of bone cells
osteoprogenitor cell
osteoblast
osteocyte
osteoclast
osteoprogenitor
derived from mesenchyme where all bone cells originated from develop into osteoblasts undifferentiated inly bone cells to undergo mytosis
osteoblasts
functional immature bone cells
build bone
secrete ostiod
osteoblast becomes trapped by extracellular matrix
osteoid
made of collagen fibres and needed materials for extracellular matrix
can combine calcium and phosphorus
makes matrix hard
calcification
the hardening of tissue by deposition of calcium.
