Bone Flashcards
Function
structural function mobility support protection storage
Osseous tissue
highly organised connective tissue and forms 2 types of bone:
Compact / cortical
Spongy / trabecular/ cancellous
Osteogenic
undifferentiated cells
osteoblast
Build matrix & collagen fibres but can’t divide
Osteocytes
mature cells
Osteoclasts
Clear bone cells
Cortical
hard
less flexible than spongy
denser than spongy
osteon- rings of lamella around blood vessels
spongy (trabecular cancellous)
lattice
light well organised- strong resist stress
honeycomb network
embryonic/fetal development
osteogenesis head»tail
skill and vertebral-intramembranous ossification
arms and legs - endochondral ossification
blood supply
periosteal arteries- periostium and osteon of cortical
nutrients arteries- meduallary cavity and osteon of inner cortical
metaphyseal arteries- spongy bone and bone marrow in metaphyses
ephiyseal-spongy bone and bone marrow in epipyses
bone growth problems
osteoporosis osteogenesis imperfecta paget disease bone cancer bone infections
blood supply problems
poor cardiac output
osteoncerosis
tenuous blood supply
inadequate bone growth
bone remodelling factors
age- demineration >40 yrs old 1% per year osteopenia osteoporosis- loss of function
mechanical stress- lack of activity causes loss of bone, weight bearing builds bone
hormones
calcium and phosphate levels
genetics
environment
ageing
lose bone mass
greater after menopause
osteopenia-thinner and weaker
osteoporosis- affects function
bone growth
New cartilage cells are produced by mitosis on the epiphyseal side of the plate.
Old cartilage cells are destroyed and replaced by bone on the diaphyseal side of the plate.
This has the effect of pushing the epiphyses away from the diaphysis this increasing the length of the bone.
