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Chapter 6 AMP > Bone > Flashcards

Bone Flashcards

0
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone forming cells

- matrix synthesizing cell help build

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1
Q

Periosteum

A

Outer edge around compact bone

  • outer - fibrous layer
  • inner - osteogenic layer
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2
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Bone destroying cell and Absorb

- Can be bad

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3
Q

Osteogenic cells

A

Stem cells in periosteum and endosteum that boost osteoblasts

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4
Q

Endosteum

A

Delicate membrane on internal surfaces of bone

  • contains osteoblasts / clasts
  • covers within spongy, bone marrow between the trabeculae
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5
Q

(( RED MARROW CAVITY ADULTS))

A

Top of bones

  • humerous
  • femur
  • trabecular cavity
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12
Q

Osteocytes - mature bone cells

A
  • Keep things running in bone matrix

- Not building or breaking

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13
Q

Diploë

A

Spongy

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14
Q

Harversian system

- osteon - structural unit

A

Column like matrix

  • run in different direction to prevent breaking ( collagen fibers )
  • weight bearing
  • lamellae
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15
Q

Central ( haversian ) canal

A

Blood vessels and nerves

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16
Q

Perforating ( volkmann ) canals

A

Right angled to central canal

- connects blood vessels and nerves of the periosteum and central canal

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17
Q

Lacunae

A

Small cavity that contains osteocytes

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18
Q

Canaliculi

A

Hair life canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal

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19
Q

Trabeculae

A

Lines of stress

  • no osteons
  • irregular arranged lamellae, osteocytes and Canaliculi
  • capillaries in endosteum supply nutrients
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20
Q

Osteoid

A

Organic bone matrix secreted by osteoblasts

  • ground substance
  • collagen fibers
  • strength n flexibility
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21
Q

Hydroxyapatites ( mineral salt )

A

65% bone mass
- calcium phosphate crystal
Resistance and hardness

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22
Q

Osteogenesis (ossification)

A

Bone tissue formation
- stages
• bone formation - 2nd month
• postnatal bone growth - until adult
• body remodeling n repair- life long

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23
Q

Two types of ossification

- intramembranous

A

Inside membrane

  • fibrous
  • flate bone
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24
Q

Two types ossification

- endocondral

A

Cartilage - bone forms by rebalancing hyaline

  • from most skeleton
  • most break down
25
Q

Interstitial growth

A

Length of long bones

26
Q

Appositional growth

A

Thickness n remodeling by osteoblasts & clast on surface

27
Q

Epiphyseal

A 
Resting zone 
-1- proliferation 
-2- hypertrophic 
-3- calcification 
-4- ossification 
Stymulated by growth hormones
28
Q

Testosterone - male

Estrogens - female

A

Promote adolescent growth

29
Q

Bone deposit

A

Occurs when bone is injured or needs strength

- needs protein, vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium,

30
Q

Bone resorption

A

Osteoclasts secrete ( if need calcium )

  • lysosomal enzymes ( digest )
  • acids ( convert)
31
Q

Control remodeling

- hormonal mechanisms

A

Maintain calcium

- homeostasis in blood

32
Q

Remodeling

- mechanical and gravitational force

A

Demand = more

33
Q

Comminuted

A

Bone fragments broke into 3 or more

34
Q

Compression

A

Bone is crushed

35
Q

Spiral

A

Break occurred when forced twist

36
Q

Epiphyseal

A

Epiphysis (top) seperated from diaphysis ( middle ) along plate

37
Q

Depressed

A

Broken bone is pressed inward

38
Q

Green stick

A

Incomplete break, only one side of shaft breaks

39
Q

Hematoma forms

A

Scab stops blood

  • torn vessels hemorrhage
  • clots form
  • swollen, and hurts
40
Q

Fibrocartilaginous

A

Phag cells clear debris

  • osteoblasts form spongy
  • fibroblast secretes fibers
  • mass repair ( FBC - callus)
41
Q

Bony callus

A 
New trabeculae ( hard ) 
- continue until firm
42
Q

Bone remodeling

A
  • response to mechanical stressor

- final looks like old

43
Q

Osteomalacia

A
  • calcium salts don’t deposit

ADULT

44
Q

Rickets

A
  • bowed legs and other deformation
  • no vitamin D
    CHILD DISEASE
45
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Back
- loss of bone mass - take more than put out
- spongy is weak
-

46
Q

Pagets disease

A

crazy
- more breakage and building up then needed
- p bone has high ratio to spongy n reduce minerals
- unknown cause
-

47
Q

Calcium used for :

A
  • transmitting nerves
  • muscles contraction
  • blood caug ( stop bleeding)
  • secretion of gland ad blood cells
  • cell division
48
Q

Wolffs law

A

A bone grows or remodels In response to forces and demands

49
Q

Bone Fracture

1.) position

A
  • Non-displaced - ends stay the same

- displaced - ends are different

50
Q

Bone fracture

2.) completeness of break

A
  • Complete - all the way broke

- incomplete - not broke all the way

51
Q

Bone fracture

- 3.) orientation break of long axis of the bone

A

Linear - parellel

Transverse - perpendicular

52
Q

Bone fracture

-4.) weather penetration occurs

A

Compound - open

Simple - closed

Chapter 6 AMP (3 decks)

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