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FAR > Bonds/ Troubled Debt Restructure > Flashcards

Bonds/ Troubled Debt Restructure Flashcards

1
Q

What is a serial bond?

A

Any bond that matures in installments

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2
Q

What is a term bond?

A

Any bond that matures on a single date

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3
Q

What is a debenture bond?

A

A bond not secured by any collateral

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4
Q

What is a sinking fund bond?

A

Cash is held in a sinking fund for repayment of bond at maturity 5 years of requirements and maturity details should be disclosed

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5
Q

What is the formula to calculate proceeds of a bond sale?

A

Present Value of the principal payment at maturity

+ Present Value of Interest Payments made

= Market Value of Bond Proceeds

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6
Q

How is the present value of a bond calculated?

A

Step 1: PV of $1 @ Yield Rate (not Stated Rate) x Bond Face Value

PLUS

Step 2: PV of an Ordinary Annuity of $1 for Term @Yield x (Stated Rate x Face)

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7
Q

Which costs are included in bond issuance costs? How are they recorded?

A

PURE LEGAL Include Engraving; Printing; Legal; Underwriter; Registration

Debited to a deferred charge account BIC

and amortized over life of Bond using S/L

Bond Proceeds - Bond Issuance Costs =Net Bond Proceeds

Time of amortization begins when issued

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8
Q

How are bonds reported when classified as trading securities?

A

Reported at FMV with unrealized gains and losses being included in earnings

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9
Q

How are bonds amortized under the interest method?

A

Both discount and premium amortization amounts increase each year

Carrying value x effective interest rate

= interest expense/income

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10
Q

Describe the book value method when converting from bonds to stocks.

A

No gain or loss recognized

APIC is the plug for the difference between the Bond’s Book Value and the Par Value of the Common Stock

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11
Q

What is the stated rate for a bond?

A

Rate on the face of the bond

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12
Q

What is the market rate on a bond?

A

Rate that bonds are currently selling for

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13
Q

What happens when the bond’s market rate is greater than the stated rate?

A

Bond will need to sell at a discount in order for buyers to be interested.

The difference in market rate vs. the stated is made up by the buyer purchasing the bond for less than par value

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14
Q

What happens when a bond’s market rate is less than the stated rate?

A

Bond will need to sell at a premium in order for buyers to be interested. The difference in market rate vs. the stated is made up by the buyer purchasing the bond for more than par value

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15
Q

How does accrued interest on a bond affect the purchase price?

A

The total cash that seller receives will be MORE than they normally would (set aside any considerations for premium or discount; they are irrelevant for this point). Basically; the purchaser of the bonds must give the bond issuer the amount of accrued interest up front.

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16
Q

When does interest expense start accruing on a bond?

A

When the bonds are issued

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17
Q

How is an interest payment on a bond calculated?

A

Cash for payment : Stated rate x Face amount

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18
Q

What amount of interest is expensed on a bond interest payment?

A

Interest expense : effective yield x carrying value

Interest expense - cash payment

= discount/premium amortization

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19
Q

What are convertible bonds? Which recording method is used when converted?

A

Bonds that can be converted to stock Book value method used if no gain or loss Market value method used if there is a gain or loss

20
Q

How is the gain or loss on retirement of bonds recorded?

A

Gain or Loss is Ordinary Extraordinary if both unusual and infrequent

bonds payable

premium

 discount

 cash
21
Q

When is a gain recognized in a debt restructuring?

GAIN RECOGNIZED UNDER SETTLEMENT OF DEBT IS DIFFERENT

A

CV > SUM OF FUTURE PAYMENTS

If terms are modified; and future payments are now less than the carrying amount of the debt; then a Gain is recognized

22
Q

What is the gain recognized under a settlement of debt?

A

Gain recognized:

Carrying amount of debt

less: cash paid to settle

= Gain

OR

Carrying amount of debt

Less: FV of asset given (revalued)

= GAIN

23
Q

For a creditor; how is a loan impairment recorded?

A

Carrying amount is < than PV of future payments ( using old rate as effective rate)

= Impairment loss

24
Q

Gain on repurchase of bonds and Loss on sale of bonds - presentation in the FS

A

Gain - shown separately in Other Revenues and Gains

Loss - shown separately in Other Expenses and Losses

THEY ARE SHOWN SEPARATELY

25
Q

Bond Redemption:

Example: 8% 1,000,000 face 10% yield rate

carrying value 1/01/04 940,000

redeemed at 6/30/04 for 102

after paying interest Compute gain/loss

A
  1. compute carrying value up to redemption date
  2. compute discount/premium amortization
  3. carrying value - cash paid to redeem = gain/loss

940,000 x 10% x 1/2 47,000

1000,000 x 8% x 1/2 40,000

Discount amort 7,000

carrying value 940,000

plus discount _ 7,000_

total 947,000

less;cash paid 1,020,000

loss 73,000

26
Q

Quick computation for bond sale/redemption gain or loss

A
  1. Compute effective interest up to sale date
  2. compute stated interest up to sale date
  3. difference is the premium/discount amort
  4. Add/Deduct from carrying value before sale to get the updated carrying value
  5. compute gain or loss = CV - cash received or paid
27
Q

Troubled Debt - Modification of terms Assume FV option is not elected

A

Carrying value > sum of future payments (undiscounted)

Principal

+ Interest payable balance

= Total amount due

Less: Future payments: principal + interest (undiscounted)

=Gain on restructuring

Notes Payable

Interest payable (condoned)

Notes Payable (new principal)

Gain on restructuring

NOTE: FUTURE INTEREST PAYABLE IS NOT PART OF THE JOURNAL ENTRY

28
Q

Troubled Debt - Settlement by transfer of property

A

1. write up asset to FV

Asset xx

Gain on transfer xx

2. Compute gain/loss

Notes Payable

Interest Payable

Notes Payable (new)

Asset (at FV) Gain on settlement of debt

Computation of gain/loss: CV > Restructuring gain/loss

FV > Transfer gain/loss

BV

29
Q

Troubled Debt - Issuance of Stocks

A

Record stocks at FV

Notes Payable

Interest Payable

    CS (at par)

    APIC - CS

    Gain on settlement of debt
30
Q

Loan impairment - creditor’s books

A

Bad debts (impairment loss)

Notes receivable

Interest receivable

Valuation allowance

** set up amortization sched - effective interest method

** valuation allowance is the premium/discount

** interest/cash received = new principal x new rate

**interest revenue = new CV x old rate

31
Q

Computation of valuation allowance in impairment

A

Impairment loss

Less: Principal forgiven

Interest forgiven

= Valuation allowance

Journal entry:

Cash (interest received) new principal x new rate

Valuation allowance - plug

      Interest revenue/Bad debts expense ( new carrying value x old rate)
32
Q

Computation of impairment loss practice p. 404 wiley problem #6

A

Impairment loss: Original principal amount - PV of future payments (see below) = Impairment loss (to bad debts) Present value of future payments: Present value of new principal (NP x PV OR) Interest (NP x NRate) x PV OR = PV of future payments/ new carrying amount PRACTICE SAMPLE PROBLEM IN THICK NOTEBOOK!!!

33
Q

JE - issuance of convertible bonds

A

No value is apportioned to conversion feature JE like a regular bond Cash Discount Bonds Payable Premium

34
Q

JE - issuance of bonds with detachable stock purchase warrants

A

Cash

Discount Bonds payable (always at face)

    APIC - warrants

CASH PROCEEDS allocated between the debt and warrants using relative fair values ratio

AT ISSUE DATE

  1. If both fv’s at issuedate are given, calculate amounts based on both fv’s
  2. value of warrants - to APIC - warrants
  3. NON DETACHABLE warrants - NO ALLOCATION IS PREMITTED
  4. if only the FV of the stocks is given: Market price per bond Less: Option price per bond = FV per share of warrants X # of shares = FV of warrants
  5. If only the FV of warrants is given, that value is multiplied by the # of option shares;

deduct this amount from the cash proceeds to get the value of the bonds

If only one fv is known, the other is a plug

  1. Credit value of warrants to APIC -warrants
35
Q

JE - exercise of stock detachable stock warrants PRACTICE TBS#6 P. 391 WILEY

A

Cash (option price) Paid in capital (reverse balance) or per share amt Common stock - AT PAR Paid in excess - plug Record cash received at option price Upon expiration: Close the APIC account

36
Q

Extinguishment of Debt

A

is considered extinguished whenever the debtor pays the creditor and is relieved of all obligations relating to the debt

  1. calling a bond
  2. refunding - replace with new debt
  3. legal relief judicially or by the creditor WHEREAS IN IFRS, Modification of debt, exchange of original liability with a new financial liability with substantially different terms are considered extinguishment

Then a new financial liability is recognized

37
Q

Is troubled debt restructuring a form of extinguishment of debt?

A

NO

38
Q

Is debt conversion initiated by a debt holder a form of extinguishment of debt?

A

NO

39
Q

Is extinguishment of debt extraordinary?

A

NO

40
Q

JE on debt extinguishment

A

Loss

Bonds payable

Premium

   Discount

   Unamortized BIC

   Cash
41
Q

Criteria to classify as troubled debt restructuring

A
  1. the restructuring constitutes a concession
  2. debtor is experiencing financial difficulties
42
Q

If fair value option is elected in modification of terms, how to account?

A

Revalue the debt at fair value and the resulting gain or loss is recognized in current earnings.

43
Q

PRACTICE P. 404 WILEY for troubled debt

A

PRACTICE PROBLEMS

44
Q

Disclosures for Bonds

A

Combined aggregate amount of maturities and sinking fund requirements for all long term borrowings for EACH OF THE NEXT 5 YEARS AND IN THE AGGREGATE

45
Q

STRAIGHT LINE METHOD OF AMORTIZATION THIS IS NOT GAAP !

A

Interest income/expense is the sum of the straight line premium/discount amortization plus cash received or paid cash paid/received

= face x stated rate + SL discount/premium = interest expense/income

REMEMBER, DO NOT COMPUTE INTEREST EXPENSE/REVENUE FROM THE CARRYING AMOUNT. THIS IS THE EFFECTIVE INTEREST METHOD! IN STRAIGHT LINE, YOU DO NOT USE THE EFFECTIVE INTEREST RATE IN THE COMPUTATION!

46
Q

Impairment Loss

A

Pr Im Present ImpPresentIk[pai

FAR (41 decks)

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