Bonds and Compounds Flashcards
What determines the type of compound?
The types of bonds it contains
What determines the type of bond?
The electronegativity difference between two atoms
Electronegativity
The ability of an atom in a compound to attract electrons to itself and away from a neighboring atom
Trend in electronegativity
In general increases as you go from left to right on the periodic table
Homonuclear, nonpolar covalent bonds
∆Χ = 0; even sharing of electrons
Polar covalent bond
∆Χ ≤ ~2; more electronegative atom on average has more electrons, gains a partial negative charge
Ionic bond
∆Χ ≥ 3; more electronegative atom takes electrons from other atom
Molecular compound
Contain only covalent bonds and are covalent compounds. Do not require lattice structure to be stable, and thus may form molecules.
Ionic Compounds
Non molecular. Contains ionic bonds, and therefore exists only in non-molecular lattices.
Oxidation numbers
One way to assess the charge on an atom when it forms an ion or a covalent bond with another atom. Can be positive, negative, or zero. Expressed in either Arabic or roman numerals and enclosed in parentheses or square brackets
Oxidation number of pure elements in their natural, standard state
Ox. No = 0
Oxidation number of monoatomic ions
Ox. No = ionic charge
Oxidation number of F
Ox. No = -1
Oxidation number of Alkali metals
Ox. No = +1
Oxidation number of Alkaline-earth metals
Ox. No = +2
