bonding, structure and the properties of matter

Question 1

what is ionic bonding?

Answer 1

a strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged particles in all directions in a giant lattice structure

Question 2

what type of elements are involved in ionic bonding?

Answer 2

metal and non-metal

Question 3

describe the structure of ionic compounds?

Answer 3

a regular, repeating arrangement of positive and negative ions called a giant ionic lattice. there are strong electrostatic forces of attraction in all directions between the oppositely charged ions.

Question 4

what are the properties of ionic compounds?

Answer 4

High melting point and boiling point:
- strong forces of attraction between positive and negative ions
- in a giant lattice structure
- which require lots of energy to overcome
Conductivity:
- only conductive as liquid or solution]
- ions are free to move and carry charge through the structure
- usually soluble
-brittle

Question 5

how are ionic compounds formed? explain in terms of MgO.

Answer 5

• reaction between a metal and a non-metal
• electron transfer occurs - metal gives away outer electron and non metal gains it. forms Mg2+ and O2- . they are attracted to each other and form MgO

Question 6

what is a covalent bond?

Answer 6

A covalent bond is a pair of shared electrons. They are very strong

Question 7

what type of elements are involved in covalent bond?

Answer 7

non-metal and non-metal

Question 8

what type of structures in covalent bonding?

Answer 8

giant covalent lattice and simple molecular

Question 9

describe giant covalent lattice structure?

Answer 9

a regular repeating arrangement of lots of strong covalent bonds between the atoms.

Question 10

describe simple molecular structure?

Answer 10

strong covalent bonds between the molecules and weak intermolecular forces between the molecules that require little energy to overcome

Question 11

what are the properties of giant covalent lattices?

Answer 11

Diamond/silicon dioxide:
-in diamond carbon forms 4 bonds
- very high mp/bp
- lots of strong covalent bonds between the carbon atoms in a giant lattice structure that require lots of energy to overcome#
- not conductive as no free charged particle
Graphite:
- in graphite carbon forms 3 bonds
- very high mp/bp: same as diamond
- good conductors as C only forms 3 bonds, last electron delocalised so can move and carry charge throughout the structure

• none are soluble
• diamond/ SiO2 are brittle
• graphite soft and slippery as its made of layers with weak forces so can slide

Question 12

examples of giant covalent lattice.

Answer 12

diamond - C
silicon dioxide - SiO2
silicon - Si
graphite - C
graphene - C

Question 13

what are the properties of simple molecular?

Answer 13

low mp/bp:
- weak forces of attraction between molecules
- require little energy to overcome

Question 14

what is metallic bonding?

Answer 14

strong electrostatic forces of attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons in all directions in a giant lattice structure

Question 15

what type of elements are involved in metallic bonding?

Answer 15

metals only

Question 16

what type of structures in metallic bonding?

Answer 16

giant metallic lattice

Question 17

describe giant metallic lattice structure?

Answer 17

a regular repeating arrangement of positive metal ions surrounded by delocalised electrons.

Question 17

what are the properties of giant metallic lattices?

Answer 17

High mp/bp:
- strong forces of attraction between delocalised electrons and and positive metal ions in giant lattice structure that require lots of energy to break
good conductors:
- delocalised electrons free to move through structure and carry charge/ heat energy
malleable as layers can slide over each other
insoluble

Question 17

what are polymers?

Answer 17

very large molecules with atoms lined through covalent bonds