Bonding, structure, and the properties of matter Flashcards
Ionic bonding?
Particles are oppositely charged
Covalent bonding?
The particles are atoms that share pairs of electrons
Metallic bonding?
The particles are atoms which share delocalised electrons
Ionic compound occurs in
Compounds formed from metals combined with non metals
Covalent bonding occurs in
Most non metallic elements and in compounds of non metals
Metallic bonding occurs in
Metallic elements and alloys
When a metal atom reacts with a non-metal atom electrons in the outer shell of the metal atom are
Transferred
Why do metal atoms lose electrons?
To become positively charged ions
What is an ionic compound?
giant structure of ions.
What are ionic compounds held together by?
strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
How to form a covalent bond?
When atoms share pairs of electrons.
Covalently bonded substances may consist of what?
Small molecules
What covalently bonded substances have very large molecules?
Polymyers
What’s an example of a covalently bonded substance with a giant covalent structure?
Diamond
Metals consist of what?
giant structures of atoms arranged in a regular pattern.
What are the atoms in the outer shell like?
delocalised and so are free to move through the whole structure.
The sharing of delocalised electrons gives rise to?
Strong metallic bonds
What are the three states of matter?
Solid liquid and gas
What takes place at the melting point?
Melting and freezing
What takes place at the booing point?
Boiling and condensing
What depends on the type of bonding and the structure of the substance?
Thé nature or particles
In chemical equations the three states of matter are shown as what?
S, l, g
What has strong electrostatic forces of attraction in all directions between oppositely charged ions?
Ionic compounds
What has high melting and boiling points, and why?
Ionic compounds because of the large amounts of energy needed to break the many strong bonds.
The amount of energy needed to change state from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas depends on the strength of the what?
the forces between the particles of the substance.
The nature of the particles involved depends on the what?
Types of bonding and structure of the substance.
If the forces are stronger between the particles do they have a higher or lower melting and boiling point?
Higher melting and boiling point
What kind of structures do ionic compounds have?
regular structures (giant ionic lattices) in which there are strong electrostatic forces of attraction in all directions between oppositely charged ions.
Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points because?
because of the large amounts of energy needed to break the many strong bonds.
When melted or dissolved in water, ionic compounds conduct electricity because?
the ions are free to move and so charge can flow.
Substances that consist of small molecules are usually?
Gases or liquids with a relatively slow melting and boiling point
substances have only weak forces between the molecules?
Liquids and gases
What increases with the size of the molecules?
Thé intermolecular forces
What substances do not conduct electricity because the molecules do not have an overall electric charg?
The intermolecular forces
What have very large molecules?
Polymyers
The atoms in the polymer molecules are linked to other atoms by what type of bond?
Strong covalent bonds
The intermolecular forces between polymer molecules are?
Relatively strong
What temperature does polymers have to be to make them a solid?
Room temperature
Substances that consist of giant covalent structures are?
Solids with very high melting points
All of the atoms in these Giant Covalent structures are?
linked to other atoms by strong covalent bonds. These bonds must be overcome to melt or boil these substances.
Metals have giant structures of what type of atoms?
atoms with strong metallic bonding.
In pure metals how are atoms arranged?
In layers
Because of the way the atoms are formed in metals what does it allow the metal to do?
Bend
What type of metals are too soft for many users?
Pure metals
What metals mix with other metals to make alloys which will make them harder?
Pure metals
Metals are good conductors of electricity because?
the delocalised electrons in the metal carry electrical charge through the metal.
Metals are good conductors of thermal energy because?
energy is transferred by the delocalised electrons
Why are diamonds so hard?
Because each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds with other carbon atoms
Do diamonds have a high melting and boiling point or low melting and boiling point?
High melting and boiling points
