Bonding, Structure And Properties Of Matter Flashcards
What is an ion
An atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge
How are ions formed
When atoms loose or gain electrons
What type of ion forms when the atom is
Metal
Non metal
Positive
Negative
What do ions and group 0 have in common
Same electronic structure ( full outer shell)
How to write an ion
Take the element letters then add a + or - depending on if its negative or positive.
The numerous next to the + or - depends on the amount of electrons lost or gained
How are ionic bonds formed
A metal reacts to a non metal, creating a positive and negative ion
The opposite charges are strongly attracted to each other forming ionic bond
What is an ionic compound
A giant structure of ions
How is an ionic lattice formed
The positive and negative ions attract to one another
They form a pattern of oppositly charged ions next to each other
What is ionic bonding
When an ionic lattice is held together by forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions
What is wrong with the 3 dimensional ball and stick diagram when trying to represent an ionic compound
Using the sticks for bonds is misleading as the forces act in all directions
It shows lots of free space between the ions, which there isn’t
What is wrong with the 2 dimensional space filling model when trying to show a ionic compound
Doesn’t show how the next layer of ions is arranged
What is the structure inside an ionic compound
Giant ionic lattice
The _____ energy needed to break the electrostatic forces of attraction the ________ the melting / boiling point
More
Higher
A substance can conduct electricity if
It contains charged particles like ions
These partials can move about
An ionic compound can conduct electricity if
It has melted to form a liquid
It has dissolved in water to form an aqueous solution
Properties of ionic compounds
High melting and boiling points
Strong electrostatic forces of attraction
Can conduct electricity when a liquid or in a solution
What is a covalent bond
A bond between atoms formed when atoms share electrons to achieve a full outer shell of electrons
Substances which use covalent bonds
Small molecule
Giant covalent substances
Properties of giant covalent structures
High melting and boiling points
Don’t conduct electricity
What are diamonds and graphite and graphene and fullerenes different forms of
The element carbon
Describe structure and bonding of a diamond
Giant covalent structure
Each carbon atoms is joined to 4 others by strong covalent bonds
No free electrons
Properties of diamond
Very hard
Very high melting and boiling points
Don’t conduct electricity
Structure and bonding of graphite
Giant covalent structure
Each carbon atom forms 3 covalent bonds with others
Form layers of hexagonal rings
No covalent bonds between layers
One non bonded ( delocalised) electron from each atom
Properties and uses of graphite
Can conduct electricity :
Batteries and electrolysis
Slippery: can be used as a lubricant
