Bonding, structure and properties of matter Flashcards
What is an ionic bond?
When a metal loses an electron to bond with a non-metal which gains the electron- its the transfer of electrons.
What is an ionic compound?
A giant structure of ions, held together by electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions
How are regular lattice structures formed in ionic compounds?
Each ion is alternating so its attracted to all of those around it.
What are the properties of ionic compounds?
High BP/MP, can conduct electricity when melted/ aqueous solution.
Why do ionic compounds have high MP/BP?
The ionic bonds between them are very strong, requiring loads of energy to break them which is only available at high temperatures.
Why can ionic compounds only conduct electricity when molten or aqueous solution?
When in their solid form, there are no free ions to conduct electricity. When molten/ aqueous solution the ions are free to move.
What’s the formula for a Hydroxide ion, Sulfate ion, Nitrate ion, Carbonate ion and Ammonium ion?
Hydroxide- OH-
Sulfate- (SO⁴)²-
Nitrate- (NO³)-
Carbonate- (CO³)²-
Ammonium- (NH⁴)+
What is a covalent bond?
When small molecules of non metals share electrons to have a full outer shell. Atoms have strong covalent bonds but the molecules have weak IMF between them.
Why do simple molecular structure with covalent bonds have low MP/BP?
We don’t need to the strong covalent bonds, instead we only need to break the weak IMF forces, requiring little energy.
Why does the boing point increase as you go down group 7 (Halogens)?
As you go down the group, the atoms get larger and so more IMF forces exist, more IMF= More energy needed.
What are the properties of simple covalent molecules?
-Low BP/MP
- Can’t conduct electricity
What are the properties of Giant covalent structures and describe the structure.
- Can’t conduct electricity (graphite is an exception)
- High BP/MP
- Regular repeating lattices
Why do giant covalent structures have high BP/MP but simple covalent molecules don’t?
Giant covalent structures only have covalent bonds, which are very strong and loads of energy but simple ones have weak IMF between the molecules.
What is an allotrope?
Different form of the same element in the same physical state.
Describe the structure and properties of diamond.
- Giant covalent structure, repeating lattice structure.
-Carbon covalently bonded to 4 other carbons, strong covalent bonds. - This mean is has high MP/BP.
