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unit 2 chemistry > bonding, structure and properties > Flashcards

bonding, structure and properties Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a compound?

A

substance in which two or more elements are chemically combined

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2
Q

what are the three types of chemical bonds?

A
  • ionic
  • covalent
  • metallic
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3
Q

what is the bonding and structure like in iconic compound?

A
  • bonding occurs between metals and non-metals
  • electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged ions
  • form a giant ionic lattice
  • electrons are transferred [metals lose, non-metals gain]
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4
Q

what’s the diagram for ionic bonding?

A

[o]+ [o]-

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5
Q

what are the properties of an ionic compound?

A
  • high melting and boiling points
  • only conduct electricity when molten/dissolved
  • brittle
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6
Q

what is the bonding and structure like in metallic compounds?

A
  • giant structures of positive metal ions
  • electrons in outer shell are delocalised [free to move through the whole structure]
  • electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and negative delocalised electrons
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7
Q

what are the properties of metallic compounds?

A
  • layers can slide over each other, they can be bent [malleable and ductile]
  • delocalised electrons so they can carry charge, can conduct electricity and heat
  • bonds are very strong, high melting and boiling points
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8
Q

what is the bonding like in covalent bond?

A
  • atoms share electrons
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9
Q

what’s the diagram for covalent bonding?

A

venn diagram thing

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10
Q

what are the properties of simple molecules?

A
  • usually gasses or liquids that have low melting and boiling points
  • weak intermolecular forces
  • don’t conduct electricity
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11
Q

what are the properties of giant covalent structures?

A
  • solids
  • very high melting and boiling points
  • strong covalent bonds
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12
Q

what are the properties of diamond?

A
  • each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 4 other carbon atoms
  • very hard
  • very high melting point
  • doesn’t conduct electricity
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13
Q

what is an allotrope?

A

different forms elements can exist in - the structures are made up of the same element, yet don’t have the same properties

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14
Q

what are the properties of graphite?

A
  • each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 3 other carbon atoms
  • layers of hexagonal rings with no covalent bonds between them
  • layers can slide over each other, soft and slippery
  • on electron from each carbon atom is delocalised
  • can conduct electricity
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15
Q

what is graphene?

A

a single layer of graphite

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16
Q

what are fullerenes?

A

molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes, based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms

17
Q

what are carbon nanotubes?

A

cylindrical fullerenes with very high length to diameter rations

18
Q

what can fullerenes be used for?

A
  • lubricants
  • to deliver drugs in the body
  • catalysts
19
Q

what can nanotubes be used for?

A

reinforcing materials eg. tennis rackets

20
Q

milli, micro and nano?

A
  • milli = (10^-3)
  • micro = (10^-6)
  • nano = (10^-9)
21
Q

how many nano meters across are nanoparticles?

A

1-1000 nanometers

22
Q

what are the uses of nano-silver?

A

it kills bacteria, so it’s used in wound dressings and deodorants

23
Q

what are the uses of nano-titanium dioxide?

A

so small that they don’t reflect visible light and cannot be seen, so it’s used in sunblocks because they block harmful ultraviolet light

24
Q

wha are the risks of nanoparticles?

A
  • so small they could enter the bloodstream
  • long-term effects aren’t known
  • could enter and damage the environment
25
Q

what are smart materials?

A

materials that are responsive to certain stimuli [temperature, light and moisture]

26
Q

examples of smart materials:

A
  • shape memory alloys/polymers -> can be bent and deformed but return to their original shape when heated
  • thermochromic materials -> change colour when they reach a certain temperature
  • photochromic pigments -> change colour when exposed to light
  • polymer gels - >hydrogels absorb up yo 1000x their volume in water, changes in pH and temperature cause the water to be released
27
Q

shape memory alloy uses:

A

inside car bodies and plates for bone fractures

28
Q

shape memory polymer uses:

A

gum shields and medical stitches

29
Q

thermochromic material uses:

A

mugs that change colour when their contents are hot

30
Q

photochromic pigment uses:

A

sunglasses that darken when in bright sun

31
Q

polymer gel uses:

A

nappies, fake snow and hair gel

unit 2 chemistry (6 decks)

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